Table 1 Roles of MSCs in cancer progression
From: Mesenchymal stem cells in cancer progression and anticancer therapeutic resistance
In vitro or in vivo | Source of MSCs | In vivo model | Cancer types | Functions | Mechanisms | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
In vitro and in vivo | Murine BM and human BM | Nude mice with 4T1 tumor and nude mice with DU145 tumor | Breast cancer; prostate cancer | Promoting tumor angiogenesis | Increasing the expression of markers associated with neovascularization (MIP-2, VEGF, TGF β and IL-6) | [53] |
In vivo | Human BM | Nude mice with MHCC97-H tumor | HCC | Promoting tumor angiogenesis | Promoting tumor angiogenesis partly via the action of TGF β1 | [54] |
In vitro and in vivo | Lung cancer tissue and normal lung tissue | NOD-SCID-common-γ-KO (NSG) mice with lung tumors | Lung cancer | Promoting tumor metastasis | Inducing the expression of aggressive phenotype-associated genes (GREM1, LOXL2, ADAMTS12 and ITGA11) | [142] |
In vitro | Human BM | – | Breast cancer | Promoting cancer cells metastasis | Upregulating of oncogenes, proto-oncogenes and EMT specific markers | [56] |
In vitro and in vivo | Human BM | Athymic female nude mice and NOD/SCID mice with breast tumor | Breast cancer | Enhancing the motility, invasion and metastasis of cancer cells | Stimulating MSCs to secrete CCL5 | [60] |
In vitro and in vivo | Human BM | NOD/SCID mice with breast tumor | Breast cancer | Boost CSCs proliferation by producing IL-6 and CXCL7 | Facilitating the tumor metastasis and growth | [57] |
In vitro | Human BM | – | Acute lymphoblastic leukemia | Changing tumor cell metabolic state | Suppressing wild-type p53 via PGE2-cAMP-PKA signaling pathway | [68] |
In vitro and in vivo | Human AT | BALB/C nude mice with PDAC | PDAC | promoting cancer progression | Differentiating into CAFs | [70] |
In vitro and in vivo | Human BM | BALB/C nude mice with MKN45 tumor | Gastric cancer | Promoting cancer progression | TGF-β1 secreted by MSCs activated SMAD2/3 pathway and supported cancer progression through lncRNA MACC1-AS1/miR-145-5p/FAO axis in cancer cells | [74] |
In vitro | Human BM | – | Breast cancer | Strengthening cancer cells expansion | Inducing the regulation of LINC01133 in neighboring tumor cells | [75] |
In vitro and in vivo | Rat BM | Rats of the F1 cross between the inbred strains BN and WF with colon carcinoma | Colon carcinoma | Inducing anticancer immunity | Secreting several mediators to recruit massive inflammatory cells to tumor site | [76] |
In vitro and in vivo | Human BM | nude mice with KSIMM tumor | Kaposi’s sarcoma | Exerting potent antitumorigenic effects | Inhibiting target cells Akt activity | [77] |
In vitro and in vivo | Human dermis tissues of a dead fetus | SCID mice with MCF-7 breast carcinoma | Breast cancer | Inhibiting breast cancer progression | Secreting Dkk-1 to inhibit breast cancer progression via depression of Wnt signaling | [78] |
In vitro and in vivo | Murine BM | BALB/c mice with H22 tumor | HCC | Inhibiting cancer | Inducing tumor cell apoptosis and G0/G1 phase arrest | [79] |
In vitro and in vivo | The BM of Sprague–Dawley rats and C57BL/6 J mice | C57BL/6 J mice with B16F10 tumor | Melanoma | Antiangiogenesis | Migrating toward the capillaries, intercalating between ECs, establishing Cx43-based intercellular GJC with ECs, and increasing production of ROS | [80] |
In vitro and in vivo | Human BM | BALB/c nude mice with Hep3B-CSCs tumor | Hepatocellular carcinoma | Blocking malignant behaviors of hepatocellular CSCs | Working through a lncRNA C5orf66‑AS1/microRNA‑127‑3p/DUSP1/ERK axis | [81] |