Table 2 Roles of MSCs in anticancer therapeutic resistance
From: Mesenchymal stem cells in cancer progression and anticancer therapeutic resistance
In vitro or in vivo | Source of MSCs | In vivo model | Cancer types | Functions | Mechanisms | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
In vitro and in vivo | Human BM | NOD/SCID mice with BV173 tumor | CML | Nonselectively protecting CML cells | Protecting CML cells from imatinib-induced cell death via the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis | [87] |
In vitro | Murine and human BM | – | CLL | Antagonizing forodesine-induced CLL cell apoptosis | Inhibiting forodesine-induced RNA- and protein-synthesis activity and increasing the expression of Mcl-1 | [88] |
In vitro | Human BM | – | MM | Enhancing MM cells’ resistance to bortezomib | Secreting CXCL13 | [89] |
In vitro | Human BM | – | HNC | Increasing chemoresistance to paclitaxel | Secreting several mediators, such as IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IGF and EGF | [90] |
In vitro | TA-MSCs isolated from ascites of ovarian cancer patients and human BM | – | Ovarian cancer | Inducing the resistance of HIPEC | Activating the CXCL12-CXCR4 axis | [91] |
In vivo | Human and murine BM | BALB/c mice with C26 tumor, C57BL/6 mice with LLC tumor and nude mice with MDA-231-MB tumor | Colon carcinoma, lung cancer, breast cancer | Protecting tumor cells against chemotherapeutics | Systematically secreting two different PIFAs | [94] |
In vitro and in vivo | Human BM | Nude mice with control or methylated MSCs | Soft tissue sarcomas-like | Promoting resistance to cisplatin and contributing to tumor relapse | Transforming into CSCs | [97] |
In vitro and in vivo | Human BM | NOD/SCID mice with SUM159 tumor | Breast cancer | Regulating CSCs to accelerate tumor growth | Secreting several cytokines, such as CXCL7 and IL-6 | [57] |
In vitro and in vivo | Human BM | Nude mice with LoVo tumor | Colorectal cancer | Inducing the formation of CSCs | Tumor cells released IL-1 which induced MSCs to secrete PGE2 and increase the level of IL-6, IL-8 and CXCL1 | [93] |
In vitro and in vivo | Human BM | SCID mice with PANC1 or A549 tumor | PDAC; lung cancer | Increasing tumor growth and enhancing chemoresistance | Increasing CXCL10 expression | [98] |
In vitro and in vivo | Human AD | Nude mice (BALB/c-nu/nu) with MDA-MB-231 tumor | Breast cancer | Inducing chemoresistance of tumor cells | Altering phosphorylation state of several tyrosine kinases, such as WNK1, c-Jun, STAT3 and p53 | [99] |
In vitro and in vivo | Human UC | Nu/Nu nude mice with MDA-MB-231 tumor | Breast cancer | Suppressing breast cancer pathogenesis and sensitizing cancer cells to radiotherapy | Blocking STAT3 pathway and decreasing CSCs’ stemness | [102] |