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Table 3 Antitumor molecules delivered by MSCs

From: Mesenchymal stem cells in cancer progression and anticancer therapeutic resistance

Molecules

Functions

Cancer types

References

IL-2

Delaying tumor growth and developing CD8-mediated tumor-specific anticancer immunity

Melanoma

[114]

IL-12

Boosting antitumor T cell responses and inhibiting tumor growth

Melanoma; cervical cancer

[113]

IL-18

Activating T cells

GBM

[143]

NK4

Inhibiting angiogenesis and promoting apoptosis

Lung cancer

[144]

IFN-β

Inhibiting the growth of cancer cells

Melanoma; metastatic prostate cancer

[115, 145]

IFN-γ

Immunostimulation and stimulating apoptosis

Leukemia

[146]

CX3CL1

Activating CD8+ and NK cells

Lung cancer

[147]

PE-cytotoxins

–

GBM

[148]

sFlt-1

Inhibiting angiogenesis and metastasis

Tumor lung metastasis

[149]

iNOS

Inhibiting growth of tumor cells

Fibrosarcoma

[150]

HSV-TK

Transferring ganciclovir into active cytotoxic drugs

GBM

[112]

Nanoparticle

Drug-loaded polymeric nanoparticles

Lung cancer

[83]

TRAIL

Inducing apoptosis

Lung cancer

[82]

Cytosine deaminase

Converting inactive systemically administered prodrugs into active cytotoxic agents

Colon cancer; prostate cancer

[110, 111]

rCE

Converting the CPT-11 to SN-38

GBM

[151]

miR-124a

Decreasing survival of cancer cells

GBM

[152]

miR-143

Inhibiting cancer migration

Osteosarcoma

[153]

miR-146b

Inhibiting cancer cells growth

GBM

[154]

Cytotoxic chemotherapy agents

Inhibiting cell viability and reducing cancer cell growth

Oral squamous cancer

[128]

miR-193a

Reducing cisplatin resistance of NSCLC cells by downregulating LRRC1

NSCLC

[131]

anti-miR-9

Reversing the chemoresistance of GBM cells to TMZ by regulating the expression of multidrug transporter

GBM

[132]

siGRP78

Reversing the drug resistance

HCC

[133]

miR-122

Enhancing cancer cells chemosensitivity to sorafenib by downregulating the expression of CCNG1, ADAM10 and IGF1R

HCC

[134]

MiR-6785-5p

Suppressing angiogenesis and metastasis in GC

GC

[155]

  1. NK4 HGF antagonist/angiogenesis inhibitor; PE-cytotoxins pseudomonas exotoxin-cytotoxins; sFlt-1 soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1; iNOS inducible nitric oxide synthase; rCE rabbit carboxylesterase; NK cells natural killer cells; GC gastric cancer