Fig. 3

ATF5 upregulation stimulates Wnt/β-catenin pathway. A GSEA showing the positive correlations between ATF5 gene expression and Wnt pathway from publicly available profiles (WP_WNT_SIGNALING, REACTOME_SIGNALING_BY_WNT_IN_CANCER, GO_CANONICAL_WNT_SIGNALING_PATHWAY, GO_BETA_CATENIN_BINDING). B Luciferase reporter test of TOP/FOP transcriptional activity in ATF5-upregulation and ATF5-knockdown SW780/UM-UC-3 cells compared with control cells, respectively. C WB detection of the active-β-catenin upon overexpression or knockdown of ATF5 in SW780 and UM-UC-3 cells relative to control groups. D qRT-PCR assay of genes expression of Wnt/β-catenin downstream targets (TCF1, CD44, JUN, CCND1,) in overexpressing, downregulating ATF5 or control cells. Bars indicate the mean ± SD of three independent experiments; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. GSEA, gene set enrichment analysis; WB, western blotting; qRT-PCR, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction