Fig. 1

Effects of morphine on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of H460 cells. a Representative images of MOR and nuclear immunoreactivity in normal lung epithelial cells, BEAS-2B cells, and H460 cells. b Left panel: Expression of the MOR protein in BEAS-2B cells and H460 cells. Right panel: Quantitative analysis of MOR expression shown in the left panel. c Quantitative analysis of the proliferation rate of H460 cells after continuous treatment with 0.1 μg/μL morphine and MNTX. The control groups were established by administering NS and DMSO at the same volume. d Effects of different concentrations of morphine and MNTX on the relative proliferation rate of H460 cells. e Left panel: Representative images of the wound-healing assay using H460 cells treated with morphine. Right panel: Quantitative analysis of normalized cell migration shown in the left panel, f Left panel: Representative images of the Transwell assay using H460 cells treated with morphine. Right panel: Quantitative analysis of migrated cells shown in the left panel, g Left panel: Representative images of the Transwell assay using H460 cells treated with morphine. Right panel: Quantitative analysis of the invaded cells shown in the left panel. In all experiments, cells were treated with the drugs for 48 h. The drug concentration was 0.1 μg/μL, and the control groups were treated with NS at the same volume in the wound healing and Transwell assays. All data are shown as the means ± standard deviation (SD), *p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01, ^***p < 0.001 and ^#p < 0.05