Table 2 ICI combination therapy with OVs and other types of cancer vaccines
From: Combination therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs); a new frontier
Tumor | Target IC | Agent (s) | Result (s) | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Glioma | CTLA-4 PD-1 | IL-12-oHSV | Induction M1macrophage and T effector (CD4 + and CD8 + T cells) function along with suppression of Treg | |
Melanoma | CTLA-4 PD-1 | PLG | Promotion of CTL activity and inducing tumor regression | [255] |
Rectal cancer Osteosarcoma | PD-1 | hTERT-oAd | Hindrance of tumor regression by recruitment of CTLs | [256] |
Breast cancer | PD-1 CTLA-4 | sTGFβRIIFc-oAd | Abrogation of tumor development and lung and liver metastases | [257] |
HER-2 positive tumors | PD-1 PD-L1 | HER-2 B-cell peptide vaccine | Robust abrogation in tumor growth | [31] |
Melanoma | PD-L1 CTLA-4 | CSC-DC | Enhancing T cell proliferation, suppressing TGF-β secretion, promoting IFN-γ secretion, and finally triggering specific CD8 + T cell response against CSCs | [185] |
Lung cancer Breast cancer Melanoma Lymphoma | PD-1 PD-L1 CTLA-4 | GM-CSF-oHSV | Tumor regression and also stimulation of immunological memory | [257] |
Melanoma | PD-1 | T-VEC | Hindrance of tumor growth by enhancing the infiltration of CTLs, reducing intratumoral Tregs, and activation of Th1 in the TME | [258] |
Melanoma | CTLA-4 PD-1 | Ovalbumin | Delay in tumor growth and extended OS rate of mice by increased intratumoral CD8 + infiltration | [259] |
Glioma | PD-1 | ZIKV | Better OS rate of treated mice | [260] |
Rhabdomyosarcoma | PD-1 | oHSV | Improving T effector (CD4 + and CD8 + T cells) function along with suppression of Treg | [261] |
Melanoma | PD-L1 | oHSV | Improving IFNγ-producing CD8 + TILs activities, and promoted OS rate | [262] |
Melanoma | PD-1 | Archaeosome-OVA | Robust tumor recession | [263] |
Glioma | PD-1 | EGFR- MV | Recruitment and infiltration of TILs into the brains of treated mice, and also improved OS rate | [197] |
Lung cancer | PD-1 | oAd | Reserve of tumor cell development mediated by activation of CTL | [196] |
Lung cancer | PD-L1 | Lm-LLO-E6 | Stimulation of prolonged OS rate | [264] |
Melanoma | PD-1 PD-L1 CTLA-4 | CD40L- oAd | Boosting the systemic level of tumor-specific CD8 + T cells, and also augmentation of the ratio of intratumoral CD8 + T cells to Treg | [194] |
Glioma | PD-L1 | CD40L- oAd | Reserve of tumor growth accompanied with increased OS rate | [265] |
Prostate cancer | PD-1 | oAd | Stimulation of antigen-specific CD8 + T-cell responses | [266] |
Oral cancer | CTLA-4 | HPV E6/E7 peptide | Promoted intratumoral levels of CD8 T cells concomitant with reduced MDSCs and Treg | [267] |
Melanoma | PD-1 | Reovirus | Activation of and CTL along with abridged Treg activity | [268] |
Glioma | PD-1 | Reovirus | Promoting the expression of IFN-regulated gene expression | [269] |
Melanoma | PD-1 | oAd | Abrogated tumor growth accompanied with improved OS rate | [270] |
Melanoma | PD-1 | FlaB-Vax | Significant rise in tumor-infiltrating effector memory CD8 + T cells and systemic IFNγ levels | [192] |
Melanoma | PD-1 CTLA-4 | Ovalbumin | Induction of CD8 + T cells activities associated with enhanced eliminated tumor cells | [271] |
Melanoma | PD-L1 | MV | Stimulation of tumor regression | [272] |
Prostate cancer | PD-1 | VLP | Reduced tumor burden by activating CTLs | [273] |