Table 2 LncRNAs and B cell functions

Human studies/mixed studies

SNHG14

↑

DLBCL

38 pairs of B cell lymphoma tissues and ANCTs, BALB/c mice

GM12878, 293 T, A20, OCI-LY7, DB, U2932, and FARAGE

↓ miR-5590-3p, ↑ ZEB1, PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint

–

∆ SNHG14: ↓ proliferation, migration and EMT process

There is a positive feedback loop between SNHG14 and ZEB1 to promote DLBCL

[90]

MALAT1

↑

DLBCL

37 patients with DLBCL

OCI-Ly10 human DLBCL cell

line, CD8 + T cells

↓ miR-195, ↑ PD-L1 and CD8

Ras/ERK signaling pathway

∆ MALAT1: ↓ proliferation, migration and immune escape ability, EMT-like process, ↑ apoptosis

[91]

CRNDE

↑

BCP-ALL

BM biopsies from 26 patients with BCP-ALL and BM biopsies from 15 patients with unexplained thrombocytosis or anemia as controls

NALM-6, RS4;11 CEMO-1, CCRF-SB, and SUP-B15 BCP-ALL cell lines

↓ miR-345-5p, ↑ CREB

_–

∆ CRNDE: ↓ proliferation, ↑ apoptosis

[93]

AL133346.1

↑

B-ALL

GEO dataset: GSE128254

–

↑ CCN2

–

It was found that either AL133346.1 regulates CCN2 expression in cis; or AL133346.1 and CCN2 are regulated by the same regulatory elements

[94]

NEAT1

↑

DLBCL

30 patients with DLBCL and 30 healthy controls

OCI-Ly1, OCI-Ly8, OCI-Ly10 and SUDHL-4 DLBCL cell lines

↓ miR-34b-5p, ↑ GLI1

–

∆ NEAT1: ↓ proliferation, ↑ apoptosis

[92]

SMAD5-AS1

↓

DLBCL

11 patients with DLBCL and 11 healthy controls, BALB/c-nude mice

TMD8, U2932, GM12878, HEK-293, OCI-Ly3, WSU-FSCCL, JeKo-1, L428, and Raji

↑ miR-135b-5p, ↓ APC

↑ Wnt/β-catenin pathway

↑ SMAD5-AS1: ↓ proliferation, ↑ apoptosis

[97]

OR3A4

↑

DLBCL

58 patients with DLBCL and healthy controls

2932, SU-DHL-6, SU-DHL-4, OCL-LY-7, OCL-LY-

10 DLBCL cell lines and WIL2 human B lymphocyte

↑ FOXM1

↑ Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway

∆ OR3A4: ↓ proliferation and ↑ apoptosis

OR3A4 is upregulated by FOXM1

[98]

FIRRE

↑

DLBCL

70 pairs of DLBCL

patient samples and healthy controls

2932, SU-DHL-6, SU-DHL-4, OCL-LY-7, OCL-LY-10 human DLBCL cell

lines and WIL2S one

normal B-cell line

MYC

↑ Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway

↑ proliferation and ↓ apoptosis

[99]

RP11-513G11.1

↑

DLBCL

93 patients with DLBCL and 62 healthy controls

–

–

–

Patients with high expression levels of RP11-513G11.1 showed shorter PFS and OS

[100]

lnc-290

↑ in B cells stimulated by LPS

inflammation and tissue damage

female C57Bl/6 mice

GFP + cells

CD69/CD86, LPS/TLR4 signaling pathway

NF-κB/ERK pathways

∆ lnc-290: ↓ growth of B cells, ↓ cell differentiation and ↓ immunoglobulin production, ↓ B cell activation by blocking the LPS/TLR4 signaling pathway

[101]

LINC01857

↑

DLBCL

TCGA and GTEX databases, GEO datasets

HCC1395, CYP6D, OCI-Ly3, and Raji

↓ miR-141-3p, ↑ MAP4K4

PI3K/mTOR pathway

↑ proliferation, ↑ EMT process and ↑ cell cycle progression, ↓ apoptosis

[102]

TEX41

↑ in B-ALL

B-ALL

79 patients with B-ALL, 25 patients with T-cell ALL and 38 acute myeloid leukemia

RS4;11 cells

p53 and p21

–

↑ proliferation, ↑ cell growth and ↑ cell cycle progression

[103]

AFAP1-AS1

↑

GCB-DLBCL

48 patients with DLBCL

OCI-ly1 and OCI-ly19 GCB-DLBCL cell lines

SFPQ, NONO, SRSF2, SRSF6, and KHSRP

BCR and TNF signaling pathways

∆ AFAP1-AS1: ↓ proliferation, ↑ G0/G1 arrest and ↑ apoptosis

Patients with higher expression levels of AFAP1-AS1 had poorer DFS and OS

[104]

PTTG3P

↑

IgAN

patients with IgAN and healthy controls

B cells

↓ miR-383, cyclin D1 and ki-67, IL-1β and IL-8

–

↑ PTTG3P: ↑ B cell growth and ↑ cyclin D1 and ki-67 expression, ↑ IL-1β and IL-8 production

[95]

SNHG8

↑

DLBCL

–

GM12878 human B lymphocytes and OCI-Ly10, OCI-Ly7, OCI-Ly3, and U2932 human DLBCL cell lines

↓ miR-335-5p

–

∆ SNHG8: ↓ proliferation, ↓ colony formation and ↑ apoptosis

[105]

PCAT1

↑

DLBCL

48 pairs of DLBCL tissues and ANCTs

OCI-LY-7, OCI-LY-7, TMD8 and U2932 DLBCL cell lines, IM-9 human peripheral blood B-lymphocyte

↓ miR-508-3p, ↑ NFIB

–

↑ PCAT1: ↑ proliferation, ↑ migration and ↑ invasion

[106]

SBF2-AS1

↑

DLBCL

50 patients with DLBCL

OCI-LY-3, OCI-LY-7, OCI-LY-10, SU-DHL-4 and SU-DHL − 6 and HEK293 cells

↓ miR-494-3p, ↑ FGFR2

–

∆ SBF2-AS1: ↓ viability and ↓ growth

[107]

SNHG14

↑

DLBCL

21 patients with DLBCL and 21 healthy controls

GM12878, OCI-LY-7, ABC, OCI-LY-3 and RCK-8

↓ miR-152-3p

–

↑ growth, migration, and EMT-like processes, ↓ apoptosis

[108]

LINC00908

↑

DLBCL

28 pairs of DLBCL tissues and ANCTs, female BALB/c nude mice

GM12878 human lymphoblastoid B cell and OCI-LY7, DB, U2932, and FARAGE human DLBCL cells

miR-671-5p

–

∆ LINC00908: ↓ proliferation and invasion, tumor growth

[109]

TCONS_

00,022,357-XLOC_010919

↑

GD

Peripheral blood from 34 patients with GD, and 34 healthy controls

CD19 + B cells from 21 healthy individuals and 24 GD patients, PBMCs

TCL1A

–

TCONS_

00,022,357-XLOC_010919 regulated TCL1A, and TCL1A is involved in B-cell proliferation

[110]

n335641

↑

GD

Peripheral blood from 34 patients with GD, and 34 healthy controls

CD19 + B cells from 21 healthy individuals and 24 GD patients, PBMCs

TCL1A

–

n335641 regulates TCL1A, and TCL1A is involved in B-cell proliferation

n337845

↓

GD

Peripheral blood from 34 patients with GD, and 34 healthy controls

CD19 + B cells from 21 healthy individuals and 24 GD patients, PBMCs

SH2D1A

–

n337845 regulates SH2D1A, and SH2D1A is involved in B-cell proliferation

ZEB1-AS1

↑

B-ALL

30 with B-ALL and 30 healthy controls

hBMSC-TERT

–

IL-11/STAT3 pathway

∆ ZEB1-AS1: ↓ proliferation and IL-11 production

High expression levels of ZEB1-AS1 showed poor prognosis of B-ALL patients

ZEB1-AS1 promoted IL-11 stability

[111]

UCA1

↑

DLBCL

38 patients with DLBCL and 38 healthy controls

GM12878, JeKo-1, TMD8, U2932, OCI-Ly-10 and OCI-Ly-7 cell lines and U2932

↓ miR-331-3p

–

∆ UCA1: ↓ proliferation, viability, migration and invasion

[112]

LAMP5-AS1

↑ in MLL leukemia patients than that in the MLL-wt leukemia

MLL leukemia

58 patients with MLL leukemia and 163 MLL-wt leukemia, NOD-SCID mice

MOLM13, THP1, MV4-11, RS4-11, and HEK293T human MLL

leukemia cells

DOT1L

–

∆ LAMP5-AS1: ↓ colony formation and ↑ differentiation of primary MLL leukemia CD34 + cells

Patients with high levels of LAMP5-AS1 showed a reduced 5-year leukemia-free survival

LAMP5-AS1 increased the methyltransferase activity of DOT1L

[113]

LINC00152

↑

Gastric cancer

30 pairs of GC tissues and ANCTs, male BALB/c nude mice

RGM‐1 human epithelial cells of gastric mucosa, and

human BGC‐823 GC cell

Bcl-2

–

↑ migration and invasion, ↓ apoptosis

[114]

HCP5

↑

DLBCL

48 patients with DLBCL and 14 RLH samples

OCI-LY7 and OCI-LY3 human DLBCL cell lines

↓ miR-27b-3p, ↑ MET

–

∆ HCP5: ↓ proliferation, ↑ apoptosis

Geniposide treatment: ↓ HCP5

[115]

PEG10

↑

DLBCL

25 patients with DLBCL and 25 healthy controls

SU-DHL-8 and OCI-LY-8 DLBCL cell lines

↓ miR-101-3p, ↑ KIF2A

–

∆ HCP5: ↓ proliferation, migration and invasion, ↑ apoptosis

[116]

GAS5

↓

DLBCL

–

OCI-Ly3 and TMD8 cells

↑ miR-18a-5p, ↓ RUNX1

–

∆ GAS5: ↓ proliferation, ↓ G1 arrest, ↑ apoptosis

[117]

TUG1

↑

DLBCL

15 tumor tissues and venous blood from DLBCL patients, 15 patients with RLH as controls, female BALB/c athymic nude mice

OCI-LY7, and OCI-LY3 human DLBCL cell lines, IM-9I normal B lymphocyte

↑ MET

–

∆ TUG1: ↓ proliferation and tumor growth

[118]

SNHG12

↑

DLBCL

80 patients with activated B-cell like DLBCL, 80 patients with RLH as controls, male BALB/c nude mice

OCI-LY7, and OCI-LY3 human DLBCL cell lines, IM-9I normal B lymphocyte

↓ miR-195

–

∆ SNHG12: ↓ cell growth, ↓ migration, and ↓ invasion

[119]

PANDA

↓

DLBCL

114 patients with DLBCL and 114 healthy controls

U2932, SUDHL-6, SUDHL-3, OCI-Ly3, and OCI-Ly8 human DLBCL cell lines and WIL2S normal B-cell line

p53

MAPK/ERK signaling pathway

↑ G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and ↓ proliferation through silencing MAPK/ERK signaling pathway

Low levels of PANDA were associated with poorer clinical outcome and lower OS in DLBCL patients

[120]

GAS5

↓

B lymphocytic leukemia

30 patients with human B

lymphocytic leukemia, 30 healthy controls

RAMOS, ST486, Raji, and Farage human B lymphocytic leukemia cell lines and IM9 normal B

lymphocytic cell line

miR-222

–

↑ GAS5: ↓ proliferation, and ↓ invasion, ↑ apoptosis and ↑ G1 phase arrest

[121]

DBH-AS1

↑

DLBCL

26 patients with DLBCL

RCK‐8, OCI‐LY‐3, OCI‐LLY‐7, and OCI‐LY‐

10 human DLBCL cell lines and IM‐9 human peripheral blood B‐lymphocyte

BUD13, FN1

–

∆ DBH-AS1: ↓ proliferation, ↓ invasion, and ↓ migration

DBH-AS1 regulated FN1 expression by recruiting BUD13

[122]

ROR1-AS1

↑

MCL

5 patients with MCL and 5 healthy controls

Mino, Granta, JVM2 and Z138 MCL cell lines, HEK-293 T cell line

↓ P16, and SOX11

EZH2 and SUZ12 of polycomb repressive complex-2

–

↑ ROR1-AS1: ↑ cell growth and ↓ sensitivity to the treatment with drugs ibrutinib and dexamethasone

ROR1-AS1 is involved in epigenetic regulation of gene transcription through EZH2/PRC2 complex

[123]

LHFPL3-AS1

↑

Melanoma

461 tumor tissues and 558 normal tissues, BALB/c nude mice

Melanoma stem cells and non-stem cells from MDA-MB-435 cells

↑ PTBP1, ↓ miR-181a-5p, ↑ Bcl-2

–

∆ LHFPL3-AS1: ↓ proliferation, ↑ apoptosis of melanoma stem cells

[124]

NONHSAG026900

↓

DLBCL

GEO dataset

GSE12453 including 11 patients with DLBCL and 25 healthy controls and

GSE56315,

GSE11318,

GSE23501,

GSE53786,

GSE10846, and GSE31312

–

–

–

↓ proliferation and cell cycle progression

[125]

SNHG16

↑

DLBCL

DLBCL tissues (21 GCB and 27 non‐GCB) and 14 RLH tissues as controls, male NOD/SCID mice

OCI‐LY7 and OCI‐LY3

↓ miR-497-5p, ↑ PIM1

–

∆ SNHG16: ↓ proliferation, growth, and cell cycle progression, ↑ apoptosis

[126]

NEAT1–1

↑ in DLBCL tissues

DLBCL

64 patients with DLBCL and 15 patients with lymphnoditis

OCI-Ly1 and SUDHL-4 DLBCL cell lines

–

–

∆ NEAT1_1: ↓ viability and migration, ↑ apoptosis

High levels of NEAT1_1 were correlated with stage, IPI, extranodal site involvement and drug response

[127]

TUC338

↑

DLBCL

102 pairs of DLBCL and normal tissues, serum specimens of 35 patients with DLBCL and 35 healthy controls, BALB/c nude mice

U2932 and OCI-Ly3 DLBCL cell lines

↓ miR-28-5p, ↑ EGFR

↑ PI3K/AKT signaling,

∆ TUC338: ↓ proliferation and chemotherapy resistance to Adriamycin, ↑ apoptosis

Patients with high TUC338 showed shorter survival time

[128]

LINC00857

↑

DLBCL

87 pairs of DLBCL tissues and ANCTs

HMy2.CIR lymphoblast cell line, SU-DHL-6, SU-DHL-4 and

SU-DHL-10 DLBCL cell lines

↓ miR-370-3p, ↑ CBX3

–

↑ LINC00857: ↑ proliferation and cycle progression, ↓ apoptosis

∆ TUC338: ↓ proliferation and, ↑ apoptosis

[129]

Lnc-IRF2-3 and Lnc-ZNF667-AS1

↑

B-CLL

135 patients with B-CLL and 30 healthy controls

–

–

–

Patients with high levels of Lnc-IRF2-3 had a significant decrease in OS and PFS

High levels of Lnc-IRF2-3 and Lnc-ZNF667-AS1 were associated with poor survival

[130]

LINC00963

↓

DLBCL

GTEx and TCGA databases (normal N = 337, tumor T = 48), nude mice

SUDHL4, OCI-Ly1, HBL1 and OCI-Ly3 DLBCL cell lines and GM12878 Non-cancerous human B lymphocytes

↑ miR-320a, ↓ XBP1

–

↑ LINC00963: ↓ proliferation, and tumor growth, ↑ apoptosis and autophagy

[131]

LEF1-AS1

↑

CLL

–

primary CLL cells and normal B cells

↑ LEF1

–

↑ LEF1-AS1: ↑ proliferation and ↓ apoptosis

[132]

PVT1

↑

MM

137 patients with MM and 62 patients with MGUS, and 21 control patients with lymphoma

KMS11, KMS12PE, KMS12BM, KMS26, KMM1, OPM2, RPMI8226

↑ MYC, BRD4

–

High levels of PVT1 were positively correlated with disease progression

JQ1 (BRD4 inhibitor): ↓ proliferation and ↓ expression levels of MYC and PVT1

[133]

BALR-2

↑

B-ALL

160 patients with B-ALL

RS4;11 and MV4;11, Reh, 697, Nalm-6, and 70Z/3 murine pre-B-cell leukemic cell line, and HEK 293 T cell line

–

Glucocorticoid response pathway

∆ BALR-2: ↓ proliferation, ↑ apoptosis and sensitivity to prednisolone treatment

prednisolone treatment: ↓ BALR-2 expression

[134]

FAS-AS1

↓

Lymphoma

–

Granta-519 cells and Peripheral blood B-lymphocytes from healthy donors’ blood

↑ sFas, RBM5,

↑ EZH2,

–

FAS-AS1 could regulate alternative splicing of Fas in lymphomas

Expression of FAS-AS1 could repress by EZH2

[135]

LUNAR1

↑

DLBCL

87 patients with DLBCL and 28 samples with reactive

lymph nodes as controls

OCI-LY-3, OCI-LY-7, OCI-LY-10, SU-DHL-4,

SU-DHL-6 and RCK-8 DLBCL cell lines

–

–

∆ LUNAR1: ↓ proliferation

LUNAR1 expression was found to serve as an independent predictor for OS and PFS

[136]

HOTAIR

↑

DLBCL

50 lymph node samples from patients with DLBCL and 20 samples with reactive lymph nodes as controls

RCK-8, OCL-LY-10, OCL-LY-7, SU-DHL-6 and SU-DHL-4 DLBCL cell lines

–

PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway

∆ HOTAIR: ↓ growth, cell cycle progression, ↑ apoptosis

[137]

RP11-530C5.1

↑

MS

GEO database and GSE21942, 50 MS patients and 25 controls

–

PAWR

–

–

[96]

AL928742.12

↓

MS

GEO database and GSE21942, 50 patients with MS and 25 controls

–

IGHA2

–

–

PEG10

↑

DLBCL

107 patients with DLBCL and 46 samples with reactive lymph nodes as controls

OCI-LY-3, OCI-LY-7,

OCI-LY-10, RCK-8, SU-DHL-4 and SU-DHL-6 DLBCL cell lines

–

–

∆ PEG10: ↓ growth, ↑ apoptosis

PEG10 levels were significantly associated with B symptoms, IPI score, CHOP-like treatment and rituximab

[138]

HULC

↑

DLBCL

142 patients

with DLBCL and 60 samples with reactive lymph

nodes as controls

OCI–LY–3, OCI–LY–7, OCI–LY–10,

SU–DHL–4, SU–DHL–6 and RCK–8 human DLBCL cell lines

–

–

∆ HULC: ↓ proliferation, ↑ apoptosis

HULC was strongly associated with Ann Arbor stages, B symptoms, CHOP-like treatment, rituximab and IPI

[139]

lincRNA-p21

↓

DLBCL

105 patients with DLBCL

SU-DHL-2, OCI-LY-3, OCI-

LY-10, SU-DHL-4 and OCI-LY-7 human DLBCL cell lines

–

–

↑ lincRNA-p21: ↓ proliferation and cycle progression

Patients with high expression levels of lincRNA-p21 showed a favorable OS and PFS

[140]

Murine studies

BALR-6

↑

B-ALL

Post bone marrow transplant, blood, bone marrow, thymus and spleen were collected from the mice

RS4;11 and MV, Reh, 697, Nalm-6, 70Z/3 murine pre B-cell leukemic cell line, and the HEK 293 T cell line

SP1, CREB1

–

∆ BALR-6: ↓ proliferation, ↑ apoptosis

↑ BALR-6: ↑ survival, proliferation and expansion of hematopoietic progenitor populations in vivo

[141]

RP11-301G19.1

↑

MM

Female BALB/c-nude mice

U266, RPMI8226, OPM-2, MM-1S, NCI-

H929 MM cell lines and 293 T normal plasma cells

↓ miR-582-5p, ↑ HMGB2

PI3K/AKT signaling pathway

∆ RP11-301G19.1: ↓ proliferation and cell cycle progression, ↑ apoptosis

[142]

HULC

↑

DLBCL

Male BALB/C mice

SU-DHL-8, SU-DHL-10 human DLBCL cell lines

β-elemene

–

↑ HULC: ↓ apoptosis

[143]

lnc00492

↑

–

lnc00492−/− and

lnc00492 + / + mice

B220 + B cells, MZ B-cells

↓ CTBP1

Notch2 signaling pathway

Lnc00492 is necessary for marginal zone B-cell development

[144]

MALAT-1

↑

DLBCL

Female BALB/c-nu/nu nude mice

IM-9 cells, B lymphocytes IM-9I from healthy people and Farage, Pfeiffer, Raji, Daud, Ly1, Ly3, Ly8, and Ly10 from patients with DLBCL

↓ LC3-II/LC3-I, ↑ p62

–

∆ U MALAT-1: ↓ migration, survival rate, the proportion of cells in S and G2/M phase, and tumor volume and weight, ↑ the proportion of cells in G0/G1 phase

[145]

NEAT1

↑

SLE

Lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice

PBMCs, B220 + B cells, G-MDSCs or M-MDSCs from MRL/lpr mice

BAFF

IFN-I signaling

↑ promotion of G-MDSCs

∆ NEAT1: ↓ lupus symptoms and inhibits IFN-I

signaling activation

[146]