Table 2 The presence and function of G-quadruplexes in mRNA coding genes
From: Interaction between non-coding RNAs, mRNAs and G-quadruplexes
| Protein-coding genes | Location | Ligands | Cell line | Clinical samples/animal models | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Task3 | 5′-UTR | DHX36 | HEK293 | C57Bl/6 wild-type mice | [53] |
| BAG-1 | 5′-UTR | SNRPA | HCT-116 | – | [54] |
| NRXN2α | 5′-UTR | – | SH-SY5Y, SK-N-SH, U87MG, HEK293 | – | [55] |
| TGFβ2 | 5′-UTR | – | MCF-7 | – | [56] |
| ARPC2 | 5′-UTR | – | HEK293, MCF7 | – | [57] |
| KNCJ11 | 3′-UTR | miR-331-3p, TMPyP4 | HEK-293A | Cardiomyocytes isolated from newborn SD rats | [51] |
| PSD-95 | 3′-UTR | FMRP, miR-125a | – | – | [52] |
| NRAS | 5′-UTR | ZnAPC | MCF-7 | – | [58] |
| 5′-UTR | – | DDX3X, DDX5, DDX17, GRSF1, NSUN5 | HeLa, Flp-In T-REx 293 | [59] | |
| Hnf4a1 | 5′-UTR | – | HEK293T, HepG2-C3A | – | [60] |
| Bcl‐2 | 5′-UTR | – | HEK293, A‐375 | – | [61] |
| SMNDC1 | 5′-UTR | FMRP | – | E17 mouse brain lysate | [62] |
| FADS2 | 3′-UTR | mir331-3p | HEK293, Huh7, HCT116 | – | [63] |
| PITX1 | 3′-UTR | RHAU | – | – | [64] |
| p53 | 3′-end | DHX36 | A549, HCT116 WT, p53 KO cells | – | [65] |
| SNCA | 5′-UTR | – | HEK-293, SK-N-SH, Neuro-2a | – | [66] |
| NRF2 | 5′-UTR | EF1a | HEK293, HeLa | – | [67] |
| ADAM10 | 5′-UTR | A methyl-quinolinium derivative | HeLa, HEK-APP | – | [68] |
| VEGF | 5′-UTR | 360A, Phen-DC | HeLa | – | [69] |
| NR2B | 3′-UTR | FMRP | – | E17 mouse brain lysate | [70] |
| Nkx2-5 | 5′-UTR | RHAU | H9C2, 293T, COS7, E14.5 cardiomyocytes | Rhau conditional KO mice | [71] |
| APP | 3′-UTR | – | HeLa, HEK293 | – | [72] |
| Gap-43 | 5′-UTR | hnRNP-Q1 | N2a cells | Timed pregnant C57BL/6J mice | [73] |
| MDM2 | Adjacent to an E-box DNA motif | ACBL, hnRNP family, XRCC6, XRCC5, DDX3X, EWS, Ku70-Ku80 protein dimer | 93T449, HNLF, WDLPS | – | [74] |
| PIM1 | – | – | – | – | [75] |
| c-MYC | Promoter | A quinoxaline analog: 6,7-Difluoro-2,3-bis(4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl) phenyl) quinoxaline (QN-1) | 4T1 cells | Female BALB/c mice | [76] |
| HOXC10 | – | CHD7 | HeLa, MDA-MB-231 | – | [77] |
| CD44 | Splicing cis element | hnRNPF | HMLE, HMLE-Twist-ER, MCF10A, HEK293 | – | [78] |