Fig. 2

Methods for circulating materials analysis for cancer precision therapy. A. CTC enrichment methods. a Antigen-dependent (immunoaffinity-based). From [46] under Creative Common Attribution License.3.0. Copyright (2020) MDPI, b Antigen-independent methods (e.g. density and size based). Preferential attachment of CTCs on a nanotube chip. Adopted from [47] under Creative Common Attribution License.3.0. Copyright (2019) RSC. c Combination approach. Inertial microfluidic focusing for tumor antigen-dependent and independent capture of CTC. Adopted with permission from [48] Copyright (2013) AAAS. B Schematic of DNA isolation process with PHASIFY MAX and PHASIFY ENRICH. The PHASIFY method uses serial two-phase liquid extraction systems to isolate and purify cfDNA from a starting plasma sample. In the first aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs), DNA partitions to the bottom phase (red), which is then extracted and transferred to a second ATPS. After phase separation, the DNA partitions to the top phase (red), which is then extracted. In the PHASIFY MAX workflow, all extracted DNA undergoes DNA precipitation. In the PHASIFY ENRICH workflow, the extracted DNA is first mixed with a fractionation solution to remove contaminating DNA and enrich the sample with potential tumor cfDNA. The enriched sample then undergoes DNA precipitation. Reprinted from [40] with permission, Copyright (2021) Springer Nature