Table 6 Biological activities of Catharanthus roseus
Activities | Plant parts | Plant extract | Bioactive compounds | Diseases type | Model/Test system | Results | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anti-cancer | Stem leaves | Methanolic | Vinblastine Vincristine | Neoplasms, Chorio carcinoma Hodgkins disease | In-vitro Potato disc bioassay through Agrobacterium tumefaciens infection Positive control: camptothecin IC50 = 80.96, 82.68, 84.96% µg/mL | Inhibition concentrations: 10 ppm, 100 ppm, 1000 ppm | |
Anti-diabetic | Leaves flower | ethanolic | Vinculin | Streptozotocin-induced model diabetic rats | In vivo Swiss albino rats Dose = 50, 100, 200, 400 mg/kg, p.o Control: tolbutamide | ↓ Blood sugar Hypoglycemic effect | |
Anti-microbial | Leaves | ethanolic | Indole alkaloids Phenolic compounds | Bacterial cultures | In vitro Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus Bacillus subtilis Salmonella typhimurium concentration of crude extract 1:20, 1:40, 1:60, 1:70, 1:80, 1:90 and 1:100 | Antimicrobial agent | [58] |
Anti-oxidant | Roots | Ethanolic extract | – | DPPH assay Superoxide radical scavenging | IC50 = 153.2 µg/mL | Antioxidant | [59] |
Anti-helminthic |  | Ethanolic | – | Helmintic infections | In vivo Pherithema posthuma IC50 = 250 mg/mL Control: Piperazine | ↓Growth | [60] |
Anti-diarrheal | Leaves | Ethanolic | Flavonoids saponins | Anti-diarrheal | In vivo Wistar rats Dose = 200–500 mg/kg Standard: loperamide, atropine | ↓Gastrointestinal transit | |
Wound healing | Leaves | Ethanolic | Flavonoids triterpenoids | Incision wound model | In vivo Sprague Dawley rats Dose = 100 mg/bw daily | ↑wound healing process | [63] |
Hypo-glycemic activity | Leaves | Ethanolic | Vindoline Vindolicine Vindolin | PTP-1B inhibition ORAC DPPH pNPP | In vitro β-TC6 mice pancreatic cells C2C12 cells IC50 = 50 µg/mL | Hypoglycemic antioxidants | [64] |
Hypolipidemic effect | Leaves | Juice | Vinpocetine | High diet | In vivo Guinea pigs Dose = 0.5–1 mL/bw | No significant change in lipid profile and body weight | [65] |