Table 1 Summery on the role of lncRNAs as transcriptional gene regulators in BrCSCs
From: Functional interplay between long non-coding RNAs and Breast CSCs
LncRNAs | Detection methods | Expression patterns in BC | Targeted gene | Mode of actions | Clinical features | Related Cancer Hallmarks | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HOTTIP and CBR3-AS1 | RT–qPCR | ↑ | CCND1 | The expression of HOTTIP and CBR3-AS1significantly increased the CCND1 | Poor prognosis and tumor grade | Sustaining proliferative signaling | [77] |
PANDAR and PANTR1 | RT–qPCR | ↑ | CDKN2C | Clinical stage | Sustaining proliferative signaling | [78] | |
MALAT1 | RT–qPCR | ↑ | Slug, KDM5B, CD133, PD-L1, miR-1, miR-182-5p | -Suppressing miR-1 expression -Interaction with Slug, KDM5B, and enhancing BC progress -Forms a repressive complex with RPB HuR, which regulates CD133 | Poor survival | Activating invasion and metastasis Resisting cell death | |
H19 | RT–qPCR | ↑ | LIN28, PDK1, HIF-1α, LIN 28, miR-103, miR-107, let-7, miR-29b-1 | -Sponging miRNA tumor suppressors -Glycolysis and BCSC maintenance are aided by increasing PDK1 expression | Tumor size, hormone negativity, and nodal status | Inducing angiogenesis Deregulating cellular enargites | |
DANCR | RT–qPCR | ↑ | EZH2, SOCS3 | -Excessive expression of DANCR was associated with decreased SOCS3 expression via epigenetic regulation of EZH2 and the H3K27me3 signal-The expression of DANCR significantly increased NF‐κB and STAT3 activation | Lymph node metastasis or advanced tumor grades | Activating invasion and metastasis | [65] |
NR2F1-AS1 (NAS1) | RT–qPCR | ↑ | NR2F1, Np63 | -This inhibits Np63 transcription by interacting with NAS1 and recruiting the RNA-binding protein PTBP1 | Metastatic dormancy | Activating invasion and metastasis | [68] |
NEAT1 | RT–qPCR | ↑ | HMGA2, miR-211 | -Through the miR-211/HMGA2 axis, NEAT1 produced EMT and 5-FU resistance | Induced EMT and 5-FU resistance | Activating invasion and metastasis | [69] |
NEAT1 | RT–qPCR | ↑ | CD44 + /CD24-, ALDH + , SOX2 + | -Stem cell populations such as CD44 + /CD24, ALDH + , and SOX2 + are reduced by NEAT1 to induce drug resistance | Chemoresistance | Activating invasion and metastasis | [70] |
NRAD1 | ChIRP-seq | ↑ | ALDH1A3 | -lncRNA with chromatin-binding properties that are controlled by ALDH1A3 and facilitates gene expression | Overall survival | Deregulating cellular enargites | [71] |
LINC-ROR | RT–qPCR, NGS | ↑ | Nanog, Oct4, SOX2, MECP2, miR-145, miR‐194‐3p | -Affects the expression of Nanog, Oct4, and SOX2 and regulates the maintenance of hESCs via sponging miR-145 -Linc-ROR/miRNA-194-3p/MECP2 axis mediates the tumor progression and treatment sensitivity | Drug sensitivity | Activating invasion and metastasis | |
LINC01133 | RT–qPCR | ↓ | EZH2, SOX4 | -EZH2 binding mediates SOX4 transcriptional suppression, which in turn reduces BC invasion and metastasis | Advanced TNM stage and lymph node metastasis | Activating invasion and metastasis | [80] |
linc00617 | RT–qPCR | ↑ | Sox2 | -By stimulating the transcription of Sox2, it promotes BC growth and metastasis | Advanced tumor grade and lymph node metastasis | Activating invasion and metastasis | [50] |
CCAT1 | RT–qPCR | ↑ | ZFX, miR-218 | -Using miR-218/ZFX, CCAT1 encourage the growth of BC | - | Activating invasion and metastasis | [74] |
RP1-5O6.5 (RP1) | RT–qPCR | ↑ | P27kip1 | -Represses P27kip1 translation, which aids in BC growth and metastasis | TNM stage, tumor grade, lymph node, and distant metastasis | Activating invasion and metastasis | [75] |
lncRNA-Hh | RT–qPCR Microarray | ↑ | SOX2, OCT4 | -Hh promotes GLI1 expression and stimulates the expression of SOX2 and OCT4 | - | Sustaining proliferative signaling | [76] |