CRISPR/Cas9 system in breast cancer therapy: advancement, limitations and future scope

Table 2 Application of CRISPR in immunotherapy and drug sensitization by targeting different genes

Target Gene	Cell/Cell line/ Animal Model	Effects	References
Replacement of TCR with CAR	T-cells	Improves T cell potency, reduce terminal differentiation, and depletion of lymph nodes	[51, 53]
SIRP-α silencing	Macrophages	Incapable of receiving “do not eat me” signal leading to the destruction of cancer cells	[54]
p38	Mouse models of established tumors	Improve T cell anti-tumor functionalities for ACT	[56]
Cdk5 knockout	TNBC	Downregulated PD-L1 expression Tumor growth inhibition in murine melanoma Lung metastasis suppression in TNBC	[57]
PI3K	–	Overcomes chemo-resistance	[69]
APLNR deletion	Animal models	Reduces the sensitivity and efficacy of checkpoint blockade	[73]
MALAT1 promoter deletion	BT-549 TNBC model	Increases susceptibility to paclitaxel and doxorubicin	[77]
MDR1	MCF-7/ADR cells	Elimination of doxorubicin resistance	[80]
RLIP disruption	–	RLIP downregulation induces apoptosis via both drug-dependent and drug-independent mechanisms	[90]

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