Involvement of abnormal dystroglycan expression and matriglycan levels in cancer pathogenesis

Table 1 Alterations in dystroglycan expression and glycosylation in human tumors

Alteration	Levels	Tumor type	References
DAG1 mRNA	Underexpressed	Oral squamous cells	[75]
		Kidney	[76]
		Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)	[77]
α-DG (core) protein	Underexpressed	Prostate	[78]
α-DG (core) protein	Underexpressed	AML	[77]
α-DG glycosylation	Hypoglycosylated/unglycosylated	Oral squamous cells	[75, 79,80,81]
		Esophagus	[82]
		Stomach	[83]
		Pancreas	[84]
		Colon	[85, 86]
		Prostate	[87,88,89]
		Cervix	[90]
		Vulva	[90]
		Kidney	[76, 91,92,93]
		Breast	[85]
		Glioma (III/IV)	[66, 94, 95]
		Medulloblastoma	[93]
		Retinoblastoma	[93]
		Neuroblastoma	[93]
		AML	[77]
		Osteosarcoma	[93]
		Rhabdomyosarcoma	[93, 96]
β-DG protein	Underexpressed	Oral squamous cells	[79]
		Esophagus	[82, 97]
		Stomach	[83]
		Pancreas	[84]
		Colon	[85, 97]
		Prostate	[78, 87, 98, 99]
		Kidney	[76]
		Ureter	[97]
		Breast	[85, 97, 98]
		Glioma (III/IV)	[94, 95]
		Medulloblastoma	[93]
		Retinoblastoma	[93]
		AML	[77]
		Osteosarcoma	[93]

The table compiles all alterations reported so far in human tumors in the expression of dystroglycan at the mRNA (DAG1 gene) or protein (α- or β-DG subunit) level, or in the glycosylation status of α-DG. Tumor types and references reporting these results are also indicated

ISSN: 1475-2867