Table 4 Summary of the role of miR-206 in non-malignant conditions

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

Up-regulation

27 sporadic ALS patients and 25 control subjects

–

–

–

miR-206 contributes in ALS progression, so act as a longitudinal biomarker

–

[59]

Alzheimer’s disease (AD)

Up-regulation

128 subjects with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) who progressed to AD (aMCI-AD) and 330 subjects who maintained and aMCI (aMCI- aMCI) diagnosis

–

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)

–

miR-206 plays a key role in the progression of aMCI to AD by targeting BDNF

A significant AD conversion trend for aMCI patients having high levels of miR-206

[60]

Up-regulation

24 olfactory epithelia of early dementia patients, 8 Patients with significant depression and 9 cognitively healthy controls

–

BDNF

–

miR-206 increases from the MCI stage, and shows excellent sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing CDR1 dementia

–

[61]

Up-regulation

–

Tg2576 AD transgenic mice, Neuro-2a

BDNF

–

miR-206 contributes in the pathogenesis of AD by suppressing BDNF expression

–

[62]

–

–

36 C57 mice

BDNF

–

miR-206-3p protects neurons via up- regulation of BDNF after the onset of AD. Exogenous miR-206-3p further ameliorates the neuronal morphology, and improves the cognitive ability and memory of AD mice

–

[63]

Up-regulation

–

SHSy5y, APP/PS1 mice

BDNF

–

miR-206 induces cell death via downregulating the expression of BDNF

–

[64]

Atherosclerosis (AS)

Down-regulation (treated with ox-LDL)

–

HUVECs and 293 T

RAB22A

–

MIAT targeted miR-206 and promoted cell viability, invasion, migration, and EMT

–

[65]

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)

Down-regulation

–

AECII, old Sprague–Dawley female rats

–

–

miR-206 inhibits FN1 expression and proliferation

–

[66]

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

Up-regulation

78 CAD patients and 65 healthy cases

–

vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)

VEGF

miR-206 inhibited cell viability and invasion, promoted apoptosis, and has some protective roles in CAD

–

[67]

Up-regulation

53 Peripheral blood mononuclear cells CAD and 34 healthy cases

Nude mice

PIK3C2a

PI3K/Akt/eNOS

miR-206 downregulated angiogenesis by repression of the PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling

–

[68]

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Up-regulation

44 tissue samples of patients

HPMECs

Notch3, and VEGFA

Notch and VEGFA

Up-regulation of miR-206 promoted cell apoptosis by repressing Notch3, and VEGFA

–

[69]

Duchene muscular dystrophy (DMD)

Up-regulation

–

Mdx mice

Notch3, Igfbp5

–

miR -206 induced satellite cell differentiation into muscle fibers through inhibiting negative myogenesis regulators. miR-206 slows progression of DMD

–

[70]

Up-regulation

39 DMD patients and 36 healthy controls

–

–

–

miR-206, related to low muscle strength, muscle function, and quality of life

–

[71]

Epilepsy

Down-regulation

–

Male Sprague–Dawley rats

C–C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2 (CCL2)

–

miR-206 suppresses epilepsy and seizure-induced brain damage through targeting CCL2

–

[72]

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)

Down-regulation

–

24 high-fat diet (HFD) feeding mouse, Huh-7 and HepG2

ROCK1

ROCK1/AMPK

miR-206 inhibited lipogenesis via targeting ROCK1 and repressed triglyceride secretion which contributed to NAFLD development and progression

–

[73]

Hirschsprung (HSCR)

Down-regulation

80 HSCR cases and 80 matched controls

293 T and SH-SY5Y

SDPR (serum deprivation response), FN1(fibronectin 1) and PAX3(paired box 3)

–

miR-206 inhibited cell migration and proliferation by up-regulation of SDPR

–

[74]

Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD)

Up-regulation

20 LSPD tissue and 20 normal patients with repair surgery after fracture

TC28

SOX9

–

Up-regulation of miR-206 promoted cell apoptosis by repressing SOX9

–

[75]

Limb-girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMD)

Up-regulation

11 LGMD patients

–

–

–

Up-regulation of miR-206 occurs during skeletal muscle regeneration

–

[76]

Muscular dystrophies

Up-regulation (in BMD and DMD patient)

48 patients with DMD, DM1, LGMD, LGMD2B, FSHD, BMD, and DMRV and healthy controls

C57Bl/10SnSlc mice, mdx mice

–

–

miR-206 levels in mouse serum are up-regulated upon skeletal muscle regeneration

–

[77]

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)

Down-regulation

–

HPASMCs,mice

Notch3

Up-regulation of miR-206 inhibited migration, proliferation, contraction and enhanced apoptosis in PASMC’s of hypoxia induced PAH mice

–

[78]

Sepsis

Up-regulation

63 blood samples of Sepsis and 30 Septic Shock and 28 healthy controls

–

Cx43

–

miR-206 regulates the barrier function of ATII cells in sepsis-related acute lung injury through regulating expression of Cx43

–

[79]

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)

Up-regulation

–

80 WT mice and 74 SMA mice, PC12

SLC8A2

–

miR-206 decreases severity of SMA pathology, progression, increases survival rate and improved behavioral performance of mice

–

[80]

Ulcerative colitis (UC)

Down-regulation (In mesalamine-treated patients)

10 established UC patients

HT29

A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR)

–

miR-206 acts as a pro-inflammatory factor through direct suppression of A3AR expression

–

[81]