Fig. 4

Combination Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer. In PDAC, the autophagy cargo receptor NBR1 directs an autophagy-dependent pathway that targets MHC-I molecules for lysosomal degradation. MHC-I is more frequently identified inside autophagosomes and lysosomes than on the cell surfaces of PDAC cells. Notably, restoring surface levels of MHC-I in syngeneic host mice results in improved antigen presentation, increased anti-tumor T cell responses, and inhibition of tumor growth. To enhance the anti-tumor immune response, dual ICI therapy (anti-PD1 and anti-CTLA4 antibodies) is used in conjunction with autophagy suppression, either genetically or pharmacologically with chloroquine