Fig. 1
From: Cell surface GRP78: a potential mechanism of therapeutic resistant tumors
CS-GRP78 mediates resistance to chemotherapy and creating opportunities for combination therapy. Chemotherapy drugs induces cell surface expression of GRP78 and several other stress proteins and functions as coreceptors or ligands. Chemoresistance appears to be reinforced by CS-GRP78 through common downstream signaling pathways, such as RAS/MAPK and PI3K/AKT. Targeting CS-GRP78 with anti-GRP78 Mab is the most promising strategy to enhance anticancer activity and aid chemotherapy resistance