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Fig. 2 | Cancer Cell International

Fig. 2

From: Cell surface GRP78: a potential mechanism of therapeutic resistant tumors

Fig. 2

Radioresistance mechanisms involving the CS-GRP78 axis and their therapeutic strategies. (A) Radiation therapy further elevates cell surface expression of GRP78 level in resistant cancer cells and can also transfer GRP78 to non-irradiated cells through EVs to increase radio resistance through metastasis. Further investigation is required to understand the molecular mechanism by which radiation induces the translocation of GRP78 to the cell surface. (B) Illustrations summarizing the main interplay and radioresistance mechanism involving the CS-GRP78 signaling axis. (C) The CS-GRP78 targeting method utilizes a unique recombinant peptide and paclitaxel-containing nanoparticle that specifically target tumors that have been irradiated, resulting in higher levels of apoptosis and a greater delay in tumor growth compared to conventional chemotherapy approaches

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