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Fig. 5 | Cancer Cell International

Fig. 5

From: Recent advances in the detection of glioblastoma, from imaging-based methods to proteomics and biosensors: A narrative review

Fig. 5

This figure is adapted from Ref. [97]

This figure represents a highly sensitive method for detecting exosomal CD44 and CD133 by TIC-AFM and TiN–NH-LSPR biosensors to track the progression of GBM in mice. In the tumor microenvironment (TME), GBM cells utilize accumulated extracellular lactate for their survival, in part by upregulating CD44 and CD133, and releasing exosome. These exosomes not only make the cells more malignant but also enables neighboring ECs to become more angiogenic.

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