Table 2 IFN-γ, IL-17 and TGF-β effects in the tumor microenvironment
Cytokine | Secreting cells | Cytokine effects |
|---|---|---|
IFN-γ | CD4+ Th1 CD8+ T NK NKT γδ T cells | Positive effects on tumor immune surveillance: Directs anti-proliferative and cytotoxic effects Upregulates MHC expression on tumor cells Inhibits angiogenesis Antagonizes suppression by tumor-derived TGF-β |
IL-17 | Th17 γδ T cells | Positive and negative effects on tumor immune surveillance, depending on tumor context and model: Suppresses tumor progression by enhancing antitumor immunity, or promote tumor progression by an increase in inflammatory angiogenesis? |
TGF-β1 | CD4+CD25+ Foxp3+ Treg Th17 | Negative effects on tumor immune surveillance: Remodeling of tumor matrix and stromal cells Promotes angiogenesis Induction of Treg cells development Inhibits development, proliferation, and function of both the innate and the adaptive immunity |