Targeted tumor therapy by Rubia tinctorum L.: analytical characterization of hydroxyanthraquinones and investigation of their selective cytotoxic, adhesion and migration modulator effects on melanoma cell lines (A2058 and HT168-M1)

Table 3 Migratory behavior of A2058 melanoma cells detected by holographic microscopy

A2058	Methanol	Alizarin (10⁻⁵ M)	Purpurin (10⁻⁵ M)
Avg. Migration (μm)
Mean	5.347 ± 0.16	8.719 ± 0.25**	22.667 ± 0.82***
Slope	0.034 ± 6.82E−4	0.056 ± 7.03E−4	0.170 ± 0.01***
R	0.955	0.981	0.933
Adj. R-square	0.912	0.963	0.870
Avg. migration directness (migration vs motility)
Mean	0.110 ± 0.01	0.100 ± 0.01	0.196 ± 0.01**
Slope	−6.40E−4 ± 7.83E−5	−7.14E−4 ± 8.38E−5	−2.30E−4 ± 6.79E−5**
R	0.468	0.482	0.214
Adj. R-square	0.215	0.229	0.042
Avg. motility (µm)
Mean	75.229 ± 2.63	125.627 ± 4.94**	104.172 ± 3.99*
Slope	0.587 ± 0.01	1.099 ± 0.01***	0.890 ± 0.01**
R	0.998	0.997	0.998
Adj. R-square	0.996	0.995	0.996
Avg. motility speed (µm/h)
Mean	79.931 ± 1.14	134.900 ± 2.44**	104.630 ± 4.75*
Slope	0.063 ± 0.01	0.279 ± 0.03***	0.045 ± 0.06
R	0.248	0.514	0.042
Adj. R-Square	0.057	0.261	0.002

Effect of treatment with alizarin (10⁻⁵ M) and purpurin (10⁻⁵ M)
Data shown in the table represent variables and ± S.D. values calculated for 50 cell/group in 240 consecutive frames
The ‘Mean’ values are expressed as dimensions (μm, μm/h) shown in the sub-headers of the table
The slope values are expressed as dimensionless values to describe the changing rate of Mean values in the 2 h’ time interval of treatments
R and Adj. R-Square represent data of linear regression analysis to describe trends of variables belonging to the parameters calculated
The level of significance is shown as follows: * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001

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