Fig. 10

The functional significance of autophagy in A549 cells treated with fisetin (FIS) and/or paclitaxel (PTX). The A549 cells were pre-treated with bafilomycin A1 (Baf A1; 100 nM) for 4 h, followed by washing with PBS and the subsequent incubation in the absence or presence of 10 μM FIS and/or 0.1 μM PTX for 24 h. a Cell viability was determined by MTT colorimetric assay. Data are expressed as a percentage of the control. b The cytometric analysis of apoptosis using Annexin V/PI assay. The sum of the early and late apoptotic cells represented the total apoptosis. Asterisks represent statistically significant differences from control cells (p < 0.05; Mann–Whitney U test). Symbols ^& indicate statistically significant differences compared to the treatment with Baf A1 alone, and symbols ^{^} indicate statistically significant differences compared to the treatment with FIS alone, PTX alone, or FIS plus PTX (p < 0.05; Mann–Whitney U test). The data are representative of three independent experiments and presented as mean and standard deviation