Table 2 Apoptosis associated protein molecules and with RCC
From: Cell death-related molecules and biomarkers for renal cell carcinoma targeted therapy
Protein molecules | The function of the molecules | Targeted compound | The function of the compound on apoptosis |
|---|---|---|---|
Bcl-2 family (Bcl-2, Bcl-xl, Bcl-w) | Anti-apoptosis | ABT-737, navitoclax, venetoclax, dicoumarol | Induce apoptosis |
MDM2 | MDM2-p53 interaction or MDM2-XIAP interaction | Nutlin-3, MX-69 [124] | Selective Mdm2 antagonist |
IAPs (XIAP) | Inhibition of apoptosis | Embelin, Smac mimetic BV6 | Inhibition of NF-κB pathway or sensitizes apoptosis |
Caspase 3 | Apoptotic executioners | Tasisulam | Caspase activator |
PD-1 | Immune checkpoint signal arrest (inhibit T cell induced cell death) | Nivolumab, pembrolizumab | Block the PD-1/PD-L1 or PD-1/PD-L2 interaction |
PD-L1 | Immune checkpoint signal arrest (inhibit T cell induced cell death) | Atezolizumab | Block the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction |
NF-κB | A nuclear transcription factor drives the transcription of series anti-apoptosis genes in tumor cells | Curcumin, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, dexamethasone | Activication of Nrf2 pathway and inhibition of NF-κB activication |
CTLA-4 | Immune checkpoint signal arrest | Ipilimumab | Binds to CTLA-4 and blocks its interaction with its ligand (CD80/CD86) |