Optimization of a therapeutic electromagnetic field (EMF) to retard breast cancer tumor growth and vascularity

Table 3 Effect of the EMF treatments on the extent of vascular (CD31 positive) necrotic and viable tissue in tumors taken from mice sacrificed 20 days after tumor implantation

Group	N	Total tumor volume (mm³)	Viable tumor volume (mm³)	Necrotic tumor volume (mm³)	Necrotic fraction	% CD 31 positive
1	11	5084.7 ± 1257	3776.0 ± 884.4	1308.7 ± 425.9	0.25 ± 0.03	7.50 ± 2.4
2	8	4442.3 ± 884.6	3282.2 ± 691.1	1160.1 ± 268.6	0.26 ± 0.04	6.90 ± 2.0
3	6	4077.5 ± 579.8	2796.4 ± 392.1	1281.1 ± 225.0	0.31 ± 0.03	4.46 ± 1.1
4	9	3598.9 ± 964.2	2475.0 ± 691.7	1123.9 ± 278.3	0.31 ± 0.02	4.37 ± 0.7
5	9	4330.8 ± 295.4	2818.1 ± 614.4	1512.7 ± 304.6	0.35 ± 0.03	3.27 ± 0.8
6	7	3799.0 ± 480.4	2221.8 ± 753.9	1577.2 ± 663.2	0.41 ± 0.07	2.24 ± 1.1
7	8	3958.8 ± 244.6	2534.7 ± 497.8	1424.1 ± 255.7	0.36 ± 0.02	2.99 ± 0.6
8	9	3678.1 ± 599.3	2450.8 ± 397.6	1227.3 ± 290.9	0.33 ± 0.05	3.96 ± 1.5

Analysis of variance followed by a Student-Newman-Keuls multiple range test showed the following significant difference (p < 0.05) between the group means:
Volume of viable tumor – the viable tumor volume of group 1 was significantly greater than the viable tumor volume of groups 3 to 8; the viable tumor volume of group 2 was significantly greater than the viable tumor volume of group 6.
Necrotic fraction – the necrotic fractions of groups 1 and 2 were significantly less than the necrotic fractions of groups 3 and 8; the necrotic fraction of group 6 was significantly greater than the necrotic fraction of all other groups.
% CD 31 positive – the CD 31 positive areas (volume fraction) of groups 1 and 2 were significantly greater than the CD 31 positive area of groups 3 to 8; the CD 31 positive areas of groups 3 and 4 were significantly greater than the CD 31 positive area of group 6.
Total tumor volume – the total tumor volume of group 1 was significantly greater than the total tumor mass of all other groups.
All values are mean ± SD.

ISSN: 1475-2867