Figure 2

Digitized images of γH2AX foci in MEC-1 cells, M059K and M059J cells. MEC-1 cells were pretreated with 8 m mol/l caffeine and 20 n mol/l wortmannin for 1 h and then were exposed to 20 μ mol/l GAA for 24 h. M059K and M059J cells were treated with 20 μ mol/l GAA for 24 h. DNA was stained with DAPI and γH2AX was detected using an Alexa 488- conjugated secondary antibody after staining using a monoclonal anti-γH2AX antibody (Scale bar, 15 μm).