Table 1 Monoclonal antibodies and nanocarriers against human colon cancer stem cells
From: Understanding the colon cancer stem cells and perspectives on treatment
Target | Compound | Class | Status | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
anti-EpCAM/anti-CD3 | MT110 (solitomab) | BITE; human recombinant single chain bispecific bifunctional mAb construct | Preclinical, in vitro, xenograft mice Phase I clinical study, advanced solid tumors | [82] |
anti-EpCAM/anti-CD3/Fcγ | Catumaxomab (Removab™, TRION Pharma, Germany) | Triomab; recombinant chimeric two half antibody, each with one light and one heavy chain from mouse IgG2a and rat IgG2b isotypes. Bispecific, trifunctional mAb construct | Phase I–III clinical studies | [85] |
anti-IGF-IR | AVE1642 | Humanized recombinant IgG1 mAb, derived from mouse anti-IGF-IR IgG1mAb EM164 | Preclinical, xenograft mice | [78] |
Figitumumab (CP-751,871) | Humanized IgG2 mAb | Preclinical, in vitro, xenograft mice | [81] | |
anti-DLL4 | OMP-21Â M18 (Demcizumab) | Humanized IgG2 mAb | Preclinical, xenograft mice Phase I clinical studies, combination with drugs | |
anti-Frizzled (1, 2, 5, 7, 8) | OMP-18R5 (vanticumab) | Humanized recombinant IgG2 mAb | Preclinical, xenograft mice | |
Drug efflux protein multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) | Lipid nanocarriers | PEI-lipid nano complex with an MDR1-targeting siRNA (siMDR1) | Human colon CSC (CD133+ enriched cell population) | [84] |
Cancer stem-like cells (CSLCs) that are resistant to conventional chemotherapy and the bulk cancer cells | CSO-SA/OXA micelles | Micelle formulation of oxaliplatin (OXA) encapsulated in chitosan vesicle | In vitro (HT29 and SW620 line cellular [CD133+/CD24+]) | [87] |