Fig. 3

TNF-α promoted G1→S cell cycle transition through NF-κB pathway dependent manner. a, b Effects of TNF-α (5 ng/ml) on cell cycle distribution in MDA-MB-231 (a) and MCF-7 (b) cells 24 h post treatment. c Relative luciferase activity of NF-κB after treatment with TNF-α (5 ng/ml) for 24 h. **P < 0.01 indicates significant differences from the respective control groups. d–j Expressions of Cyclin D1 (d), CDK4 (e), CDK6 (f), Cyclin D2 (g), Cyclin D3 (h), Cyclin E (i), and CDK2 (j) after treatment of TNF-α (5 ng/ml) and/or NF-κB inhibitor, Bay11-7082 (Bay, 20 μM). **P < 0.01 indicates significant differences from the respective control groups; ^## P < 0.01 indicated significant differences from the TNF-α (5 ng/ml) treated groups; ^&& P < 0.01 indicated significant differences between folds induction