Fig. 1

CAR T Cell Manufacturing Process. Initially, leukophoresis is performed to separate out the patient’s immune cells from the rest of the patient’s constituents of blood. Isolated T lymphocytes are enriched through counterflow, which separates cells by size and density to maintain their viability. Next, beads containing anti-CD3/antiCD-28 antibodies are added to activate the T cells. During the activation process, the T cells are incubated with a CAR-encoding lentiviral vector, which integrates the CAR into the T cell through reverse transcription. T cell expansion is performed within a bioreactor for 9–11 days, after which time the magnet beads are removed from culture. Subsequently, CAR T cells are washed, concentrated, and cryopreserved at − 80 °C. Quality control checks for safety, sterility, and vector potency are performed per USFDA protocol guidelines. The patient is given conditional chemotherapy, T cells are re-infused, and the patient is monitored for any adverse reactions for a period of 7–10 days [8]