Table 1 Experimental studies that investigated the role of melatonin in bone cancer
Type of bone cancer | Form of melatonin | Dosage | Model | Findings | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Osteosarcoma | Melatonin loaded nanoparticles (PLGA) | 3.9–500 mg/mL | In vitro (MG-63 cells) | Inhibition of MG-63 proliferation and decrease cell viability | [71] |
Ewing sarcoma | Melatonin combined with vincristine | 50 µm–1 mM | In vitro (SK-N-MC cells) | Significant enhancement in the activation of Bid and caspase-3, -8, -9 | [6] |
Osteosarcoma | Melatonin | 1000Â mM | In vitro (cell line SOSP-9607) | Reductions in GSH, tumor cell vitality, migration ability, adhesion ability, up-regulated acetylated-p53 and down-regulated SIRT1 and increase in the apoptotic index | [11] |
Osteosarcoma | Melatonin | 4 mM–10 mM | In vitro (MG-63 cells) | Inhibition of the MG-63 proliferation and downregulation of cyclin D1,B1,E and CDK4, CDK1, CDK2 | [63] |
Osteosarcoma | Melatonin/PD98059 and melatonin | 4Â mM | In vitro (MG-63 cells) | Prohibition of the proliferation by significantly inhibited phosphorylation of ERK1/2 | [42] |
Osteosarcoma | Melatonin | 0.25–2.0 mM | In vitro (U2OS cells) | Inhibition of the JNK pathway and reduction chemokine CCL24 | [70] |
Ewing sarcoma | Melatonin | 1Â mM | In vitro (A-673, TC-71, A-4573 cells) | Reversion ewing sarcoma metabolic profile that was related to its cytotoxicity | [72] |
Ewing sarcoma | Melatonin | 1Â mM | In vitro (SK-N-MC, TC-71 A673, SK-ES1, A4573) | Expression of Fas and its ligand Fas L, activation of the redox-regulated transcription factor Nuclear factor-kappaB and enhance in intracellular oxidants | [64] |