Table 1 CTCs isolation, enrichment, and identification technologies

Biological properties

Surface marker detection

Ferrofluids coated to EpCAM/CellSearch^®

[81]

Magnetic beads coated to EpCAM + MUC1/AdnaTest^®

[111]

EpCAM-coated wire for in vivo isolation/CellCollector™

[112, 113]

CD45+ depletion

[114]

Surface marker detection combined microfluid

Microposts or channels coated to EpCAM/CTC-Chip/HB-Chip

[25, 102]

FICOLL and EpCAM-based microfluidic device/Isoflux^®

[115]

Glycan-affinity microfluidic devices

[35]

Physical properties

Size-based enrichment

ISET^®

[116]

Density-based

OncoQuick^®

[117]

Centrifugal force-based

cascaded microfluidic device

[34]

Acoustophoresis-based

Acoustofluidic

[33]

Nanorough polystyrene substrates adherence-based

Nanostructured polystyrene well plates

[118]

Deformability-based

JETTATM

[119]

Optofluidic-based

Optofluidic real-time cell sorter

[32]

Dielectric-based

DEP

[120]

DEP-LFFF

[121]

DEP Array

[122]

Functional assays

Invasive capacity

VitaAssay™

[123]

Protein release during culture

EPISPOT assay

[124]

Telomerase expression

TelomeScan^®

[125]