Fig. 5

TSPAN9 promotes autophagy through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. a, b After AGS, AGS/R, MGC803 and MGC803/R cells were treated with 5-FU or vehicle (control) for 48 h, the levels of PI3K, AKT, and mTOR were assessed by Western blotting, with β-actin serving as a loading control. b, c AGS cells were transduced with siTSPAN9 and cultured in the presence or absence of a RAS inhibitor. c, d In AGS, AGS/R, MGC803 and MGC803/R cells transfected with TSPAN9 or a negative control (control) for 48 h, the levels of PI3K, AKT, and mTOR were assessed by Western blotting, with β-actin serving as a loading control