Fig. 3

TRAF6 regulates tumor related to signaling transduction pathways. TRAF6 affects multiple Pathways involved in cancer after receiving upstream signals including TGF-β, IL1/TLR and CD40. TRAF6 promotes PI3K-AKT signaling and leads to an increase in AKT ubiquitination and phosphorylation. By interacts with ECSIT, TRAF6 increase ROS levels and thereby indirectly enhances NF-κB activation. TRAF6 also induces JNK and p38 activation in a TAK1-dependent manner, leading to activation of the AP-1 family members c-jun and c-fos. As a key transfer adaptor protein that transduces the Wnt3a/β-Catenin pathway, TRAF6 upregulates mRNA expression of β-Catenin and subsequently activates Wnt target genes such as c-Myc and LRP5. TRAF6 promotes the expression of SLUG, which contributes to EMT. Besides, TRAF6 up regulate MMP9 and HIF-1α. In addition, TRAF6 also regulates YAP signaling