Fig. 1

miR-148a-3p is highly expressed in glioma tissues, cell lines and glioma cells-derived exosomes. a The box plot showing the miR-148a-3p expression determined by RT-qPCR in non-neoplastic brain tissues of control patients (n = 20) and neoplastic brain tissues of glioma patients (n = 45) including anaplastic astrocytoma, anaplastic oligodendroglioma, oligodendroglioma, astrocytoma, and glioblastoma (U6 was used as internal control). b miR-148a-3p expression determined by RT-qPCR in normal HA and glioma cell lines U-138-MG (U-138), U251-MG (U251), and LN229 (U6 was used as internal control). c Western blot analysis of exosome specific markers (CD63, CD81, and TSG101), and ER stress-related protein CANX in the exosomes extracted from normal HA and glioma cell lines U-138-MG (U-138), U251-MG (U251), and LN229. d Transmission electron microscopic identification of exosomes (scale bar = 100 nm). e NanoSight particle size analysis to quantify exosome concentration and average diameter. f Expression of miR-148a-3p was determined by RT-qPCR in the exosomes extracted from normal HA and glioma cell lines U-138-MG, U251-MG, and LN229 (U6 was used as internal control). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, and **** p < 0.0001 vs. control brain tissues, HAs or HAs-derived exosomes (HA-exo). Data are shown as mean ± SEM. The cell experiments were performed in 3 repeats and each repeat was performed in technical replicate (triplicate). One-way ANOVA was used for data analysis among multiple groups, followed by Tukey's test