Fig. 1

Micropeptides encoded by lncRNAs regulate tumor malignant behaviors

a Linc00998 encodes micropeptide SMIM30 promotes HCC development by inducing SRC/YES1 membrane anchoring and MAPK pathway activation. b lncRNA LOC90024 encodes small protein SRSP induces "cancerous" Sp4 splicing variant formation. c Linc00908 encodes peptide ASPRS, which interacts directly with STAT3, thereby suppressing STAT3 phosphorylation. ASPRS also decreased VEGF levels and inhibited angiogenesis. d Linc00266 encodes RBRP peptide and RBRP interacts directly with IGF2BP1 thus promoting the mRNA stability of c-Myc by enhancing m6A recognition. e Micropeptide CASIMO1 are exerted via the SQLE protein and downstream ERK signaling pathway, thus affecting the cell metabolism equilibrium f LncRNA CRNDE encodes a peptide, CRNDEP, and the peptide promotes the formation of stress granules and affects cell proliferation and oxygen metabolism. g LncRNA HOXB-AS3 encodes the peptide HOXB-AS3 aa, which competitively binds hnRNP A1 and antagonizes hnRNP A1-mediated PKM splicing regulation. h IRES-dependent MELOE-3 aa antigens provide promising T cell targets for immunotherapy of melanoma. i Linc01420 encodes nobody, which binds EDC4 to regulate mRNA degradation. Linc01420 may promote nasopharyngeal carcinoma invasion and metastasis via this pathway. j LncRNA UBAP1-AST6 encodes UBAP1-AST6, which is a cancer-promoting factor in lung cancer cells.