Fig. 7

lj-1-59 induces DNA damage by increasing ROS in RA cells. a RA cells were treated with 5 μM lj-1-59 for 0-6 h, the level of ROS was measured by flow cytometry. The results are expressed as the means (n = 4) ± SD, and asterisk (*) indicates a significant difference (p < 0.05, Student’s t-test). b Western Blot analysis of cell cycle-associated proteins and DNA damage-associated proteins in RA cells with increasing does lj-1-59 treatment for 48 h. α-tubulin was used as a loading control. c RA cells were treated with 5 μM for 0–48 h, and γH2AX was stained by immunofluorescence (left panel) and calculated (right panel). The results are expressed as the mean (n = 5) ± SD, and asterisk (*) indicates a significant difference (p < 0.05, Student’s t-test). d RA cells were treated with 5 μM lj-1-59 for 48 h. Then extract total RNA to Q-RT-PCR analysis as described in “Methods”. The results are expressed as the mean (n = 5) ± SD. Significant differences were evaluated using Student’s t-test, and an asterisk (*) indicates a significant difference (p < 0.05)