Table 1 Clinical variables in the training and testing sets
Variables | Total set (n = 372) | Training set (n = 186) | Testing set (n = 186) | p value | Methods |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Survival time (days) | 555.0 (232.25–1085.0) | 555.5 (324.0–1088.25) | 555.0 (320.0–1085.75) | 0.94 | Mann–Whitney U test |
Vital status | |||||
 Live | 246 (66.13%) | 117 (62.90%) | 129 (69.35%) | 0.189 | χ2 test |
 Dead | 126 (33.87%) | 69 (37.10%) | 57 (30.65%) | ||
Age (years) | Â | ||||
 ≤ 65 | 234 (62.9%) | 120 (64.52%) | 114 (61.29%) | 0.52 | χ2 test |
 > 65 | 138 (37.1%) | 66 (35.48%) | 72 (38.71%) | ||
Gender | |||||
 Male | 251 (37.1%) | 124 (66.67%) | 127 (68.28%) | 0.74 | χ2 test |
 Female | 121 (32.53%) | 62 (33.33%) | 59 (31.73%) | ||
BMI (kg/cm2) | |||||
 < 25 | 178 (47.85%) | 85 (45.70%) | 93 (50.00%) | 0.35 | χ2 test |
 ≥ 25 | 157 (42.20%) | 85 (45.70%) | 72 (38.71%) | ||
 NA | 37 (9.95%) | 16 (8.6%) | 21 (11.29%) | ||
Histological grade | |||||
 G1 | 55 (14.78%) | 29 (15.59%) | 26 (13.98%) | 0.925 | χ2 test |
 G2 | 178 (47.85%) | 86 (46.24%) | 92 (49.46%) | ||
 G3 | 122 (32.8%) | 61 (32.8%) | 61 (32.80%) | ||
 G4 | 12 (3.23%) | 7 (3.76%) | 5 (2.69%) | ||
 NA | 5 (1.34%) | 3 (1.61%) | 2 (1.08%) | ||
Clinical stage | |||||
 I | 172 (46.24%) | 86 (46.24%) | 86 (46.24%) | 0.788 | χ2 test |
 II | 86 (23.12%) | 39 (20.97%) | 47 (25.27%) | ||
 III | 85 (22.85%) | 44 (23.66%) | 41 (22.04%) | ||
 IV | 5 (1.34%) | 3 (1.61%) | 2 (1.08%) | ||
 NA | 24 (6.45%) | 14 (1.61%) | 10 (5.38%) | ||
T stage | |||||
 T1 | 182 (48.92%) | 90 (48.39%) | 92 (49.46%) | 0.806 | χ2 test |
 T2 | 94 (25.27%) | 44 (23.66%) | 50 (26.88%) | ||
 T3 | 80 (21.51%) | 44 (23.66%) | 36 (19.35%) | ||
 T4 | 13 (3.49%) | 7 (3.76%) | 6 (3.23%) | ||
 Tx | 3 (0.81%) | 1 (0.54%) | 2 (1.08%) | ||
M stage | |||||
 M0 | 267 (71.77%) | 132 (70.97%) | 135 (72.58%) | 0.593 | χ2 test |
 M1 | 4 (1.08%) | 3 (1.61%) | 1 (0.54%) | ||
 Mx | 101 (27.15%) | 51 (27.42%) | 50 (26.88%) | ||
N stage | |||||
 N0 | 253 (68.01%) | 124 (66.67%) | 129 (69.35%) | 0.467 | χ2 test |
 N1 | 4 (1.08%) | 1 (0.54%) | 3 (1.61%) | ||
 Nx | 115 (30.91%) | 61 (32.8%) | 54 (29.03%) | ||
Adjacent hepatic tissue inflammation extent | |||||
 None | 118 (31.72%) | 64 (34.41%) | 54 (29.03%) | 0.12 | χ2 test |
 Mild | 100 (26.88%) | 48 (25.81%) | 52 (27.96%) | ||
 Severe | 17 (4.57%) | 4 (2.15%) | 13 (6.99%) | ||
 NA | 137 (36.83%) | 70 (37.63%) | 67 (36.02%) | ||
Child–pugh classification grade | |||||
 A | 217 (58.33) | 103 (3.76%) | 114 (61.29%) | 0.09 | χ2 test |
 B | 21 (5.65%) | 7 (3.76%) | 14 (7.53%) | ||
 C | 1 (0.27%) | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (0.54%) | ||
 NA | 133 (35.75%) | 76 (40.86%) | 57 (30.65%) | ||
AFP (ng/ml) | |||||
 < 300 | 213 (57.26%) | 103 (55.38%) | 110 (59.14%) | 0.76 | χ2 test |
 ≥ 300 | 65 (17.47) | 34 (18.28%) | 31 (16.67%) | ||
 NA | 94 (25.27%) | 49 (26.34%) | 45 (24.19%) | ||
Fibrosis ishak score | |||||
 0-No fibrosis | 75 (20.16%) | 44 (23.66) | 31 (16.67%) | 0.38 | χ2 test |
 1,2-Portal fibrosis | 31 (8.33%) | 16 (8.6%) | 15 (8.06%) | ||
 3,4-Fibrous speta | 28 (7.53%) | 15 (8.06) | 13 (6.99%) | ||
 5-Nodular formation and incomplete cirrhosis | 9 (2.42%) | 4 (2.15%) | 5 (2.69%) | ||
 6-established cirrhosis | 70 (18.82%) | 28 (15.05%) | 42 (22.58%) | ||
 NA | 159 (42.74%) | 79 (42.47%) | 80 (43.01%) | ||
Hepatic carcinoma risk factor | |||||
 No history of primary risk factors | 86 (23.12%) | 46 (24.73%) | 40 (21.51%) | 0.14 | χ2 test |
 Alcohol consumption | 113 (30.38%) | 57 (30.65%) | 56 (30.11%) | ||
 Hepatitis B | 100 (26.88%) | 42 (22.58%) | 58 (31.18%) | ||
 Hepatitis C | 54 (14.52%) | 24 (12.90%) | 30 (16.13%) | ||
 Non-Alcoholic fatty liver disease | 20 (5.38%) | 16 (8.60%) | 4 (2.15%) | ||
 Hemochromatosis | 6 (1.61%) | 3 (1.61%) | 3 (1.61%) | ||
 Others | 20 (5.38%) | 10 (5.38%) | 10 (5.38%) | ||
 NA | 18 (91.13%) | 8 (4.3%) | 10 (5.38%) | ||
Vascular invasion | |||||
 None | 207 (55.65%) | 98 (52.69%) | 109 (58.06%) | 0.33 | χ2 test |
 Mico | 93 (25.00%) | 45 (24.19%) | 48 (25.81%) | ||
 Macro | 16 (4.30%) | 10 (5.38%) | 6 (3.23%) | ||
 NA | 56 (15.05%) | 33 (17.74%) | 23 (12.37%) | ||
Histological diagnosis | |||||
 Hepatocellular carcinoma | 358 (96.24%) | 178 (95.70%) | 180 (96.77%) | 0.69 | χ2 test |
 Cholangiocarcinoma | 7 (1.88%) | 4 (2.15%) | 3 (1.61%) | ||
 Clear cell carcinoma | 4 (1.08%) | 3 (1.61%) | 1 (0.54%) | ||
 Fibrolamellar carcinoma | 3 (0.81%) | 1 (0.54%) | 2 (1.08%) | ||