Fig. 2
From: A review on the advances and challenges of immunotherapy for head and neck cancer
The mechanisms of action of oncolytic viruses. Oncolytic viruses can infect, lyse, and kill the tumor cells, without affecting normal cells. The lysed tumor cells stimulate immune cells by releasing tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). The released virions from the lysed cells can infect other tumor cells and help to destroy the remaining cells