Fig. 3

Protopine treatment inhibited the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway in liver carcinoma cells. A RNA-sequencing analysis showed the signalling pathways that were affected after exposure to protopine in Huh-7 cells. B Heatmap of the differentially expressed proteins in Huh-7 cells after treated with protopine. C HepG2 and Huh-7 cells were treated with various doses of protopine for 24 h, then cellular lysates were subjected to western blotting with indicated antibodies. D HepG2 and Huh-7 cells were pre-treated with LPS for 0.5 h then cells were treated with or without protopine for another 24 h, cellular lysates were subjected to western blotting analysis with indicated antibodies. E HepG2 and Huh-7 cells were pre-treated with LPS for 0.5 h then cells were treated with or without protopine for another 24 h, relative caspase-3 activities were measured. F HepG2 and Huh-7 cells were pre-treated with LPS for 0.5 h then cells were treated with or without protopine for another 24 h, then cellular apoptosis was measured. Data were presented as mean ± SD; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01