Fig. 3

Bufalin (25, 50, and 100 nM) treatment for 24 h induces mitochondrial dysfunction in U251 cells. A Mitochondrial membrane potential in U251 cells as detected by JC-10 staining (n = 3). B Confocal microscopy observation of mitochondrial morphology and distribution as indicated by MitoTracker Green and Hoechst 33,342 staining (n = 5). The Y axis shows the intensity of green fluorescence. C Mitochondrial morphology of the U251 cells as observed with TEM. (D-G) Stereology analyses of Rsv, Vv, Sv and Nv in mitochondria. P values were determined using one-way ANOVA. The relative expression value or mitochondrial morphology data for each sample are shown along with the mean ± SD for each group. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 compared with DMSO control