Fig. 8
From: Extracellular HMGB1 interacts with RAGE and promotes chemoresistance in acute leukemia cells
Schematic representation of the potential autophagy-related signaling pathway in leukaemia. Under stress condition, HMGB1 translocates to the cytoplasm and then release into the extracellular matrix. Both cHMGB1 and eHMGB1 dislocate the Beclin 1–Bcl 2 complex, facilitating the formation of PI3K3C-Beclin 1, which leads to the initiation of autophagy. Besides, extracellular HMGB1 can suppress the activation of mTOR and then phosphorylate the ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex and then promote autophagy