Table 1 Summery of miRNAs roles in bowel inflammation and colorectal cancer

miR-212

SOD

Decreasing the levels of MnSOD

[71]

Attenuation EMT in colorectal cancer cells

Attenuation of invasiveness of colorectal cancer cells

miR-143

SOD

Down-regulation of SOD

[69]

Enhancement oxidative stress

Enhancement of chemo-sensitivity of colorectal cancer cells

miR-150-5p

p53

Inhibiting p53

[227]

Enhancement proliferation of colorectal cancer cells

miR‑766

MDM4

Enhancement of p53/BAX signaling

[228]

Enhancement of apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells

miR-107

HIF-1β

Inhibiting HIF-1β expression in colorectal cancer cell

[85]

Mediating p53 effects on hypoxic signaling

Attenuation of angiogenesis and tumor growth

miR-124

DNMT3B

Attenuation of DNA methylation

[104]

miR-506

DNMT1

Inhibition of colorectal cancer progression

miR-342

DNMT1

Inhibiting of proliferation and invasion of colorectal cancer cells

[105]

miR-143

DNMT3A

Attenuation colorectal cancer cells growth

[106]

miR-155

claudin1

Up-regulation of claudin1 in colorectal cancer cells

[127, 192]

Jarid2

Enhancement of invasion and migration of colorectal cancer cells weakening intestinal mucosal barrier in IBD

Down-regulation of Jarid2induction of Th17 cells differentiation in mouse models of colitis

Enhancing IL-22 expression in mice models of colitis

miR-19-a

TNF alpha-induced protein 3

Enhancing NFκB signaling

[130]

Increasing the production of TNF-α

Promoting colitis and CAC in mouse models

miR-21

PTEN

Enhancing proliferation and attenuating apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells

[141, 147, 229]

PTEN

Enhancing NFκB signaling

Enhancing IL-6 production weakening of intestinal mucosal barrier in IBD

Increasing TNF-α and MIP-2 in mice colon

miR-181b

PDCD4

Mediating the effects of IL-6/STAT3 signaling on PDCD4

[142]

Down-regulation of PDCD4

Enhancing proliferation and attenuating apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells

miR-34a

S-IL-6-R1

Attenuating IL-6 effect on epithelial cells

[148, 149]

Attenuating IL-6/STAT3 signaling in colorectal cancer cells

Mediating p53 suppressing effects on invasion and migration in colorectal cancer cells

miR-214

PTEN

Mediating IL-6 suppressing effects on PTEN in colorectal cancer cells

[150]

PDZ and LIM domain 2

Enhancement of PI3K/AKT and NFκB signaling in colon tissue

Enhancement of inflammation in Ulcerative colitis

Promoting the progression of colitis toward CAC

miR-139-5p

NFκB

Attenuation the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α in colorectal cancer cells

[153, 154]

Suppressing colorectal cancer cells proliferation

Protection against colitis and colorectal cancer

miR-200b

AKT2

Attenuating AKT expression in colon tissue

[156]

Attenuating NF-κB/IL-6/STAT3 signaling

Down-regulation of TNFα

Attenuating inflammatory response in mice colon

Attenuating EMT

miR-223

Claudin-8

Mediating IL-23 inhibitory effects on Claudin-8

[165]

Weakening epithelial barrier of intestine

Enhancing intestinal inflammation

miR-29

IL-23

Down-regulation of IL-23 in dendritic cells

[166]

Attenuating colitis

miR-193a-3p

IL-17RD

Down-regulation of IL-17RD

[172]

Down-regulation of p-AKT

Reducing EGFR signaling in colorectal cancer cells

Attenuation colorectal cancer cells proliferation

Protection against CAC

miR-124

STAT-3

Reducing IL-17 expression in Th17 cells

[174, 175]

Attenuating the differentiation of Th17 cells

Protection against inflammation exacerbation in Ulcerative colitis

Attenuating CAC development in mice

miR-106a

IL-10

Negatively regulating IL-10 expression

[215, 230]

Attenuating Treg cells suppressive function

Stimulating intestinal inflammation in mice

miR-27

Smad2

Down-regulating p-STAT3

[222]

Sphingosine-1-phosphate phosphatase 1

Inhibiting colorectal cancer cells proliferation

Enhancing apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells

miR-140-5p

Smad2

Decreasing Smad2 expression

[225]

Decreasing colorectal cancer cells proliferation

Attenuating colorectal cancer cells invasion