Fig. 1

Olean-28,13β-lactam (B28) inhibits PAAD cell growth in vitro and in vivo. A Chemical structure of oleanolic acid, oleanolic acid methyl and olean-28,13β-lactam (B28). PANC-1, CFPAC-1 and Miapaca-2 cells were treated with vehicle and B28 (0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1 μM), real time cell index was measure by RTCA. B Colony formation results of vehicle and B28 treated PAAD cells. C PAAD cells were treated with or without B28 for 24 h, cell cycle distribution was detected and analyzed by flow cytometry. D PAAD cells were treated with B28 for 24 h and subjected to Annexin V/PI apoptosis detection kit. Apoptotic cells were visualized and analyzed by flow cytometry and flow Jo software, respectively. E PANC-1 cells were treated with or without B28 (0.5, 1 μM) for 24 h and subjected to western blot analysis with cell apoptosis associated antibodies. F Caspase 3 activity of vehicle and B28 treated PAAD cells. Data are presented as mean ± SD, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001