Fig. 3

B28 dramatically disturbs cellular bioenergetics. A PANC-1 and CFPAC-1 cells were treated with or without B28 (0.5, 1 μM), Overall OCR curves of vehicle and B28 treated cells were measured by seahorse XFe96 bioenergetics analyzer. B PANC-1 and CFPAC-1 cells were cultured with or without B28 for 24 h, followed by western blot analysis to detect indicated subunits of mitochondrial respiratory complexes. C PANC-1 cells were cultured with or without B28 for 12 h, cells were fixed and stained with Mito-Tracker and DAPI. Signal of mitochondria and nucleus was visualized and captured by confocal laser scanning microscope. D Total ROS level in vehicle and B28 treated cells were measured by DCFH-DA ROS detection kit and analyzed by flow cytometry. E Mitochondrial membrane potential alteration in vehicle and B28 treated PANC-1 cells were measured by JC-1 mitochondrial membrane potential detection kit and analyzed by flow cytometry, respectively. F Vehicle and B28 treated PANC-1 cells were collected and subjected to western blot analysis with indicated antibodies. G Overall ECAR curves of vehicle and B28 treated PANC-1 and CFPAC-1 cells were measured by seahorse XFe96 bioenergetics analyzer. H, I Relative glucose uptake and relative lactate production in vehicle and B28 treated cells, respectively. J PANC-1 and CFPAC-1 cells were cultured with or without B28 for 24 h, cells were collected and followed by western blot analysis with primary antibodies against glycolytic catalytic enzymes. Data are shown as Mean ± SD. *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001, n.s. represents no significance