Fig. 3

Induction and identification of tumor-associated endothelial cells. a Proliferation activity of HUVECs undergoing treatment with EC9706 cell supernatant (0–80%) was detected using the CCK-8 assay. b Proliferation ability of HUVECs co-cultured with a 20% volume fraction of EC9706 cell supernatant was detected using the CCK-8 assay. c Expression of tumor vascular endothelial cell markers TEM5 and TEM7 in HUVECs co-cultured with a 20% volume fraction of EC9706 cell supernatant was quantified with qRT-PCR. d VEGFA levels in the culture medium of HUVECs co-cultured with a 20% volume fraction of EC9706 cell supernatant was measured using ELISA. e, f Migration ability of HUVECs co-cultured with a 20% volume fraction of EC9706 cell supernatant was detected using the scratch assay and Transwell migration assay. g Tube formation ability of HUVECs co-cultured with a 20% volume fraction of EC9706 cell supernatant was detected using the tube formation assay. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01