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Fig. 3 | Cancer Cell International

Fig. 3

From: Cancer-associated fibroblasts and resistance to anticancer therapies: status, mechanisms, and countermeasures

Fig. 3

CAF-induced anticancer resistance. CAFs interact with cancer cells, immune cells, ECM, and tumor vessels in the TME, mediating drug resistance through either secretory factors or direct cell adhesion. a alternative pathways activating; b revascularization; c immunosuppression; d ECM remodeling. CAF cancer-associated fibroblast; CAM-DR cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance; CSC cancer stem cell; CXCL C–X–C motif chemokine ligand; EMT epithelial-mesenchymal transition; HGF hepatocyte growth factor; SFM-DR soluble and secretory factor-mediated drug resistance; TGF transforming growth factor; TNF tumor necrosis factor; VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor

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Cancer Cell International

ISSN: 1475-2867

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