Table 7 Role of PI3K/AKT pathway in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma

Skin cancer

Female ICR mice

–

a-mangostin

5 and 20 mg/kg

IL-4/10/18,

IL-1β, Bax,

Caspase-3,

Bcl-2, LC3-II/I, Beclin-1

PI3K/AKT,

mTOR

a-Mangostin by regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway could inhibit DMBA/TPA-induced skin cancer

[115]

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC)

–

SCC,

A431

Lapatinib

0–5 μM

Caspase-8,

Bcl-2, EGFR,

N-cadherin, Vimentin

WNT/β-catenin, PI3K/AKT, mTOR,

ERK1/2

Lapatinib via the WNT/ERK/PI3K/AKT axis could suppress EMT

[116]

Skin cancer

–

SKMEL-5

Lactucopicrin

0–30 μM

Bax, Bcl-2

PI3K/AKT,

mTOR

Lactucopicrin via inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway exerted anticancer effects on skin cancer cells

[103]

Skin carcinoma

–

A549, A431,

PaCa-2, PC-3,

MCF-7, SNU-5,

HTB-39

caffeic acid n-butyl ester (CAE)

0–40 μM

Bax, Bcl-2

PI3K/AKT,

mTOR

CAE via induction of apoptosis and inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway could reduce proliferation of skin cancer cells

[119]

CSCC

–

HaCaT, cSCC, A431, HSC-5, SCC-12, SCL-1

–

–

miR-451a, PDPK1

PI3K/AKT

miR-451a via PDPK1-mediated PI3K/AKT modulation could prevent CSCC progression

[117]

CSCC

Female nude mice

cSCC,

A431

–

–

LINC00520, EGFR, VEGF, MMP-2/9

PI3K/AKT

lncRNA LINC00520 via inactivating the PI3K/AKT pathway by decreasing EGFR could prevent the progression of CSCC

[118]

CSCC

CSCC tissues (n = 11), normal skin tissues (n = 4)

cSCC, NHEK HaCaT, A431, SCL-1

–

–

Kynureninase (KYNU)

PI3K/AKT

Downregulation of KYNU could restrain CSCC proliferation and repress the PI3K/AKT pathway

[120]

CSCC

–

SCC13, A431

High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1)

0–100 ng/mL

p42/44, p38

PI3K/AKT, MAPK

HMGB1 via the PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways can influence tumor metastasis

[121]