Table 2 Side effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors
Organ | Immune-related adverse effects (irAEs) |
|---|---|
Gastrointestinal tract | Nausea, vomiting, dysphagia, epigastric pain, abdominal pain, hematochezia, and diarrhea |
Kidney | Acute interstitial nephritis |
Endocrine | Hypophysitis, thyroid dysfunction, primary adrenal insufficiency, hypoparathyroidism, and type 1 diabetes mellitus |
Hematologic complications | anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and neutropenia |
Joint | joint swelling, warmth, erythema, and joint pain |
Skin | Rash, pruritus, and vitiligo |
Nervous system | Inflammatory (encephalitis, myelitis, vasculitis, and meningitis) and peripheral neuromuscular autoimmune disorders (myasthenia gravis and Guillain–Barre syndrome) |
Ocular system | Uveitis |
Heart | Myocarditis, arrhythmias, conduction disease, acute coronary syndrome, congestive heart failure, and pericardial disease |
Lung | Pneumonitis |