Fig. 1

The regulatory mechanism of ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is related to several pathways, including iron metabolism, lipid peroxidation, and GSH-dependent or -independent antioxidant pathways. ACSL4, acyl-CoA synthase long-chain family member 4; BH4, tetrahydrobiopterin; CoQ10, coenzyme Q10; CoQ10H2, reduced form of coenzyme Q10; Cys, cysteine; Cys2, cystine; FSP1, ferroptosis-suppressor-protein 1; GCH1, GTP cyclohydrolase-1; Glu, glutamate; GPX4, glutathione peroxidase-4; GSH, glutathione; GSSG, oxidized glutathione; LOXs, lipoxygenases; LPCAT3, lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 3; NADPH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; NCOA4, nuclear receptor coactivator 4; PEBP1, phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 1; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acid; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SLC3A2, solute carrier family 3 member 2; SLC7A11, solute carrier family 7 member 11; System Xc⁻, cysteine/glutamate transport protein system; TF, transferrin; TFR, transferrin receptor