Fig. 1
From: Apoptosis evasion via long non-coding RNAs in colorectal cancer
Apoptotic pathways in a normal cell. The extrinsic pathway is activated by the attachment of the extracellular ligand to death receptors (DRs). The intrinsic pathway is initiated by Bax/Bak incorporation into mitochondrial membrane followed by cytochrome c release which then along with Apaf–1 and procaspase-9 make apoptosome. Activation of the caspase 3 cascade of apoptosis takes place after apoptosome formation. (Key: TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand), cFLIP (cellular FLICE inhibitory proteins), tBid (Truncated bid), Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma protein 2), Bcl-xL (Bcl-2 homologue splice variants), Cyt C (Cytochrome), SMAC (Second mitochondrial activator of caspases), IAPs (Inhibitor of apoptosis proteins)