Fig. 2

A schematic representation of the role of several miRNAs in regulating the sonic hedgehog signaling pathway in glioma. Accumulating evidence has revealed that upregulation of miR-326 in combination with curcumin can effectively contribute in the suppression of proliferation, and elevation of the apoptosis process in glioma cells via attenuating the activation of the SHH/GLI1 pathway [25]. Another finding confirms that miR-9 via targeting PTCH1 and promoting expression of GLI1 can trigger the activation of sonic hedgehog cascade and modulate expression of drug efflux transporters, MDR1 and ABCG2 in glioblastoma cells, therefore enhancing Temozolomide resistance in tumor cells [26]. Furthermore, mounting research has demonstrated that Chidamide can play an important role in inhibiting the expression levels of Shh, Ihh, and Dhh via upregulating miR-338-5p, thereby suppressing the growth rate, migration, and invasion of human malignant glioma cells. In fact, Chidamide exerts its effects by enhancing oxidative stress via the miR-338-5p-mediated regulation of Hedgehog pathway [27]