Strategies to overcome the main challenges of the use of exosomes as drug carrier for cancer therapy

Hussen, Bashdar Mahmud; Faraj, Goran Sedeeq Hama; Rasul, Mohammad Fatih; Hidayat, Hazha Jamal; Salihi, Abbas; Baniahmad, Aria; Taheri, Mohammad; Ghafouri-Frad, Soudeh

doi:10.1186/s12935-022-02743-3

Cancer Cell International

Table 1 Exosomes as treatment carriers for different types of cancer

From: Strategies to overcome the main challenges of the use of exosomes as drug carrier for cancer therapy

Exosome cargo	Donor	Cancer type	Drug loading method	Outcome/in vitro	Outcome/in vivo	Refs.
Delivery of miRNAs
Let-7a miRNA	Fetal renal cells	Breast cancer	Transfection	–	Progression of tumor decreased	[59]
Let-7a miRNA	HEK293	Breast cancer	Transfection	–	Progression of tumor decreased	[59]
Suicide mRNA	HEK293T	Schwannoma tumors	Pre-transfected parent cells	–	Progression of tumor decreased	[60]
miR-335 − 5p	Stellate cell	Liver cancer	–	Liver cells progression and invasion decreased	Progression of tumor decreased	[61]
miR-379	MSC	Breast cancer	–	–	Death of tumor increased	[62]
miR-145 − 5p	MSC	Pancreatic ductalAdenocarcinoma	–	Propagation of PDAC cells and invasion decreased	Death of tumor increased	[63]
miR-25 − 3p inhibitor	Colorectal cancer cell	Colorectal cancer	–	Tube building of HUVEC cell decrease	Producing pre-metastatichousing for deceased	[64]
miR-146b	MSC	Glioma	Transfection	Propagation in cells of glioma decreased	Progression of tumor decreased	[65]
Delivery of other RNAs
Cas9 mRNA	RBC	Breast cancer	–	Propagation of breast cancer cells decreased	Progression of tumor decreased	[66]
PTEN mRNA	Mesenchymal stem cell	Glioma	–	Propagation of glioma cells decreased	The size of the tumor decreased	[67]
ECRG4 mRNA	Serum	Tongue carcinoma	–	Propagation in cells of tongue carcinoma decreased	–	[68]
Hsp27 siRNA	Neuroblastoma cell	Neuroblastoma cell	–	Neuroblastoma cell differentiation decreased	–	[69]
KrasG12D siRNA	Fibroblast-like mesenchymal cells	Pancreatic Cancer	–	Panc-1 cell death increased	The size of the tumor decreased	[70]
Delivery of proteins
MHC-I/peptide complexes	DCs	Breast cancer	–	The activity of T cells increased	–	[71]
Hsp70	Myeloma cell	Myeloma	–	The activity of T cells increased	The activity of T cells increased	[72]
Trial	Myeloid leukemia cell	Lymphoma	–	Leukemia cell death increased	Tumor development was not influenced	[73]
EGFR nanobodies	Neuroma cell	Epidermal	–	Propagation of epidermal carcinoma cells decreased	–	[74]
Competitive antagonist (SIRPα)	Fetal renal cell	Colon cancer	–	Macrophage ability to phagocytosis increased	Increased ability ofmacrophages for phagocytosis	[75]
Delivery of chemical drugs
Doxorubicin	Breast cancer	Dendritic cell	Electroporation	Cells of breast cancer proliferation decreased	Progression of tumor decreased	[76]
Cisplatin	Hepatocarcinoma cell and ovarian cancer cell	Ovarian cancer and Hepatocarcinoma	–	Cells propagation in ovarian cancer andhepatocarcinoma decreased	Progression of tumor decreased	[77]
Paclitaxel	Macrophage	Lewis Lung carcinoma	Incubation	Cells in Lewis lung carcinoma propagation decreased	Progression of tumor decreased	[78]
Paclitaxel	Prostate cancer cell	Prostate cancer	Incubation	Cells in prostate cancer propagation decreased	–	[58]
Curcumin	Pancreatic cancer cell	Pancreatic cancer	Incubation	Cell death in pancreatic cancer increased	–	[79]
DOX	Immature DC	Breast cancer	Electroporation	Cells in breast cancer propagation decreased	Progression of tumor decreased	[80]
Imatinib	CML cell	Breast cancer	–	–	Progression of tumor decreased	[81]
5-FU	Schwannoma cells	Schwannoma tumor	Electroporation	Cells propagation in Schwannoma decreased	Progression of tumor decreased	[60]

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ISSN: 1475-2867

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